Unit 5 Flashcards
How does the 90 minute sleep cycle go?
1,2,3,4,3,2, REM
Awareness of ourselves and the environment
Consciousness
What can disrupt our biological clock?
Artificial light
What resets our circadian clock?
Bright light
Regular bodily rhythms such as temperature and wakefulness that occurs on a 24 hour cycle
Circadian Rhythm
The alpha waves are slow
Awake/relaxed
May experience brief images or hallucinations, you may also feel like you’re falling
Stage 1
How long does stage 1 last?
1-7 minutes
There may be sleep spindles, heart rate, temperature and respiration declines
Stage 2
Rapid rhythmic brainwave activity
Sleep spindles
Brain emits slow delta waves
Stage 3
Deep sleep. Some young kids may wet the bed. Growth hormone is released
Stage 4
Brainwaves become rapid and saw toothed. Your eyes move rapidly and your muscles relax; when dreaming occurs
REM
Stages 1-3
nREM
Muscles are relaxed but brain is active
Paradoxical sleep
Prevents wasting energy and exposing self to danger
Adaptive Protective Theory
Slow brain waves of a relaxed awake state
Alpha waves
Periodic, natural loss of consciousness
Sleep
False sensory experiences, such as as seeing something without an external stimulus
Hallucinations
Large slow brain waves associated with deep sleep
Delta waves
Non-rapid eye movement sleep; encompasses all sleep stages except REM sleep
NREM
What are the good effects of sleep?
Increases memory, concentration, boosts mood, moderates hunger, fortifies immune system
Having difficulty staying or falling asleep
Insomnia
Uncontrollable sleep attacks
Narcolepsy
Temporarily not breathing while sleeping; decreased blood oxygen
Sleep apnea
Reliving childhood experiences
Age regression
What are the 5 major perspectives on why we dream?
Satisfy our own wishes, file away memories, develop and preserve neural pathways, Make sense of a neural static, reflect cognitive development
Sequence of images, thoughts, emotions, passing through a sleeping person’s mind
Dream
The remembered storyline of a dream
Manifest content
Underlying meaning of a dream
Latent content
REM sleep to increase from deprivated REM sleep
REM rebound
Neural activity is random and dreams are the brain’s attempt to make sense of it
Activation synthesis
Believed that dreams had a meaning
Sigmund Freud
Who is susceptible to hypnosis?
People who are easily absorbed in imaginative events and can turn their attention inwards
One person suggests to another that certain perceptions, thoughts, feelings, or behaviors will spontaneously occur
Hypnosis
Suggesting made during a hypnosis session to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; helps to control undesired behaviors and symptoms
Posthypnotic suggestion
Hypnosis has caused a split in awareness
Divided Consciousness theory
Subject is so caught up in hypnotized role that they ignore the odor
Social influence theory
What are the 3 psychoactive drugs?
Stimulants, Depressants, hallucinogens
Split in consciousness to help thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously
Dissociation
Believed that hypnosis involves influence and dissociation
Ernest Hilgard
What are the 3 misconceptions about addiction?
Addictive drugs quickly corrupt, addictions cant be overcome voluntarily, We can extend the concept of addiction to repetitive, pleasure seeking behaviors
Chemicals that affect perceptions and moods through their actions at neural synapses
Psychoactive drug
Diminishing effect of a drug, requiring the user to take large doses in before experiencing the effect
Tolerance
Discomfort and distress from not using an addictive drug
Withdrawl
Physiological need for a drug; unpleasant symptoms may happen when the drug’s discontinued
Physical dependence
Psychological need to use a drug
Psychological dependence
Compulsive craving for a substance despite their consequences and physical symptoms following withdrawl
Addiction
Drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions
Depressants
Drugs that depress the activity of the CNS, reducing anxiety but impairs memory and judgement
Barbituates
Depress neural activity, temporarily lessens pain and anxiety
Opiates
Drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions
Stimulants
Stimulate neural activity, causing speedup of body functions and associated with energy and mood change
Amphetamines
Stimulates the CNS, speeds up body functions and associated with energy and mood changes; reduces baseline dopamine leves
Methamphetamines
Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short term health risks and longer term harm to serotonin producing neurons, mood cognition
Ecstasy
Distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input
Hallucinogens
Powerful hallucinogenic drug; may have a “near death experience”
LSD
Major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers mild hallucinations
THC
Altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death
Near death experience
Heredity can influence some alcohol and drug abuse
Biological
Some who may have lower self esteem may be more susceptible to use drugs
Psychological
People may help influence others to use drugs rather than them because they’re trying to cope with a problem
Social-cultural
Sleep waves found during REM resemble stage ____
1
Name 4 different kinds of depressants
barbiturates, opiates, alcohol, heroin
Name 5 types of stimulants
Amphetamine, cocaine, methamphetamine, ecstasy, nicotine
Name 2 types of hallucinogens
LSD, marijuana
