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Honors Biology > *Unit 8 Part 1: Viruses, Bacteria, and Germ Theory > Flashcards

*Unit 8 Part 1: Viruses, Bacteria, and Germ Theory Flashcards

Viruses, Bacteria, and Germ Theory (65 cards)

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1
Q

Germ Theory led to…

A

the understanding that many diseases are caused by microorganisms (viruses and bacteria).

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2
Q

Experiments conducted by _____ and _____ led to an understanding of the presence of microorganisms and their relationship to diseases.

A

Louis Paseur; Robert Koch

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3
Q

Miasma is Greek for…

A

“bad air”

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4
Q

Miasma Theory

A

Belief that rotting organic matter would become “bad air” and could cause disease

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5
Q

Is the following statement true or false?
Inhaling pathogens can make us sick.

A

True

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6
Q

The plague doctors iconic beaks semi-worked because…

A

the beak acted as a barrier that prevented the inhalation of pathogens.

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7
Q

Pasteurization

A

Heating liquids to a specific temperature to kill bacteria

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8
Q

Who laid the foundation for modern public health and medicine?

A

Louis Pasteur

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9
Q

Who discovered microorganisms infect healthy organisms?

A

Robert Koch

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10
Q

Who is considered the “Father of Epidemiolgy”?

A

Jon Snow

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11
Q

Who revolutionized medical procedures with antiseptic?

A

Joseph Lister

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12
Q

Who invented the process of pasteurization?

A

Louis Pasteur

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13
Q

Is the following statement true or false?
Pasteurization is no longer used in food and medical industries.

A

False

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14
Q

Who conducted an experiment that disproved spontaneous generation?

A

Louis Pasteur

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15
Q

Who showed that microorganisms come from outside instead of being spontaneously generated in broth?

A

Louis Pasteur

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16
Q

Who invented vaccines against anthrax and rabies?

A

Louis Pasteur

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17
Q

Is the following statement true or false?
Anthrax and rabies vaccines is saving the lives of millions.

A

True

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18
Q

Who developed Koch’s Postulates?

A

Robert Koch

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19
Q

Koch’s Postulate

A

A test to see which microorganisms cause a specific disease

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20
Q

What four traits do disease causing organisms have in common?

A
  1. Found in all cases of disease
  2. Removed and cultured (grown) in a laboratory
  3. Injected into a healthy organism to cause the same disease
  4. Match the original sample when removed from organism #2
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21
Q

Who investigated a London outbreak of Cholera in 1854?

A

Jon Snow

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22
Q

Who did not believe in the Miasma Theory?

A

Jon Snow

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23
Q

Who was ridiculed by the public for thinking Cholera had another source?

A

Jon Snow

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24
Q

Who removed the handle of a water pump?

A

Jon Snow

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25
Who stopped an outbreak of Cholera and proved his theory?
Jon Snow
26
Who based his research off the work of Louis Pasteur?
Joseph Lister
27
Who developed the first antiseptic used in medical settings: namely surgical procedures?
Joseph Lister
28
Before Lister, most surgery patients died from _____.
infection
29
Why did most surgery patients die?
~Surgeons did not sterilize their instruments ~Surgeons did not wash their hands
30
Who proved the use of carbolic acid to sterilize surgical tools combined with washing hands decreased death rates?
Joseph Lister
31
After implementing Lister's changes, surgical mortality fell from _____ to _____.
45%; 15%
32
Aseptic
Sterile
33
List the results of the germ theory of disease.
~Modern heath practices ----Aseptic techniques to keep germs out of the body ----Development of vaccinations and antibiotics to prevent and fight disease ----Safe handling of food and water ~Sanitation
34
Pathogen
A microscopic disease-causing organism
35
List the types of pathogens.
~Bacteria ~Virus ~Fungi ~Parasites
36
What is the most abundant life form on Earth?
Bacteria
37
What are the three shapes of bacteria?
~Rods ~Spheres ~Spirals
38
The plague, cholera, cavities, dysentery, typhoid fever, MRSA, and acne are all diseases caused by _____.
bacteria
39
What is the treatment for bacteria called?
Antibiotics
40
How do antibiotics kill bacteria?
By disrupting their structure or keeping them from reproducing
41
What and when was the first antibiotic discovered?
Penicillin in 1929
42
Do antibiotics work against viruses?
Nooooooo
43
Some bacteria have evolved to become _____ to antibiotics.
resistant
44
How do good bacteria help the environment?
Acting as decomposers to recycle nutrients in the soil
45
How do good bacteria help in food/drink?
By helping with fermentation used to make cheese, vinegar, and alcohol
46
How do good bacteria help digestion?
Some help digest our food Ex. E.Coli
47
How do good bacteria help in the medical industry?
Helps to manufacture insulin to treat diabetes
48
Is the following statement true or false? Viruses are not alive.
True
49
Are viruses made of cells?
No
50
Viruses need a host to _____.
reproduce
51
List the basic structure of viruses.
~Nucleic acid core (either RNA or DNA) ~Protein coat
52
Viruses are about _____ smaller than bacteria.
100x
53
Viruses can only be seen with an _____.
electron microscope
54
Explain how the following word relates to virus transmission. Droplets
~Sent into the air after someone coughs/sneezes ~One way viruses are spread
55
Explain how the following word relates to virus transmission. Food/Water
~If contaminated, it can infect people when ingested ~One way viruses are spread
56
Explain how the following word relates to virus transmission. Fomites
~An inanimate object a virus can sit on for several days before infecting someone ~One way viruses are spread
57
Explain how the following word relates to virus transmission. Direct Contact
~Coming into physical contact with an infected person or their bodily fluid ~One way viruses are spread
58
Viruses need a host cell to _____ and _____ their genetic information.
transcribe; translate
59
List the steps to viral replication.
1. The virus attaches to a cell and injects DNA 2. Viral DNA takes over protein synthesis 3. New viruses are made 4. The cell breaks open releasing viruses
60
Some viruses insert genetic material into the host's DNA, then remain _____ and reproduce _____.
dormant; later
61
The common cold, flu, rubella, mumps/measles, smallpox, hepatitis, polio, HIV/AIDS, rabies, and COVID-19 are all examples of _____ diseases.
viral
62
What is the prevention towards viral diseases?
Vaccines
63
Vaccines
~Weak or inactive virus injected into body ~Makes your immune system creat antibodies ~Can recognize and fight off the virus later
64
Antibiotics only work on _____ infections.
bacterial
65
Some _____ can treat viral diseases.
anti-virals

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