*Unit 6 Part 4: Protein Synthesis Flashcards
DNA & Protein Synthesis
Proteins are made of…
amino acids linked together.
DNA sequence controls…
the order of amino acids.
What controls the order of amino acids?
DNA Sequence
The structure of a protein controls its…
function.
What controls the funtion of a protein?
the structure of a protein
What are the protein functions?
Structure, enzymes, and hormones
Structure, enzymes, and hormones are all what?
Protein Functions
Hemoglobin, Elastin, Keratin, Fibrin, Insulin, and Pepsin are all examples of what?
Examples of proteins
What are 6 examples of proteins?
Hemoglobin, Elastin, Keratin, Fibrin, Insulin, and Pepsin
What is Hemoglobin?
A protein that carries oxygen in the blood
What is Elastin?
A flexible protein of the skin
What is Keratin?
A hard protein in figernails
What is Fibrin?
A clotting protein
What is Insulin?
A glucose regulating hormone
What is pepsin?
A digestive enzyme
DNA code is used to construct…
Proteins
What is transcription?
DNA code copied to mRNA in the Nucleus
What is translation?
mRNA code is used to make a protein
What is the DNA sugar?
Deoxyribose
What is the DNA nitrogen bases?
Adenine, Cytosine, Thymine, and Guanine
What is the structure of DNA? How many strands does it have?
2 strands
What is the RNA sugar?
Ribose
What is the RNA nitrogen bases?
Adenine, Cytosine, Uracil, Guanine
What is the structure of RNA? How many strands does it have?
1 strand
DNA –> RNA is…
Transcription
What are the steps of Transcription?
- DNA unwinds in the nucleus
- mRNA makes a copy of a gene from the DNA and leaves the nucleus
mRNA –> Protein is…
Translation
What are the steps of Translation?
- mRNA goes to the ribosome
- tRNA molucules bring amino acids to the ribosome
- The ribosome puts amino acids together with peptide bonds to make proteins
Where does Transcription occur?
in the nucleus
Where does Translation occur?
in the ribosomes
What is the process of transcription?
mRNA copies DNA strand to leave the nucleus
What is the process of translation?
tRNA matches with mRNA and brings amino acids to build proteins
What does transcription create?
mRNA strand
What does translation create?
Protein
DNA –> mRNA –> _____
Protein
DNA –> _____ –> Protein
mRNA
_____ –> mRNA –> Protein
DNA
mRNA will have _____ instead of thymine.
uracil
If you are given the DNA strand what must you first do before you can group codons?
You have to determine the complementary mRNA strand
What are codons?
The three sets of nucleotides mRNA is divided into
mRNA is divided into what?
Three sets of nucleotides called codons
Each tRNA molecule has…
one set of three nucleotides called an anticodon
_____ has one set of three nucleotides called an anticodon.
tRNA
Codons and anticodons match up to put in the right…
amino acid
One codon codes for one _____.
amino acid
One _____ codes for one amino acid.
codon
The genetic code is _____.
universal
the same codons code for the same _____ in all species.
amino acids
the same codons code for the same amino acids in _____.
all species
