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Honors Biology > *Unit 6 Part 4: Protein Synthesis > Flashcards

*Unit 6 Part 4: Protein Synthesis Flashcards

DNA & Protein Synthesis

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1
Q

Proteins are made of…

A

amino acids linked together.

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2
Q

DNA sequence controls…

A

the order of amino acids.

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3
Q

What controls the order of amino acids?

A

DNA Sequence

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4
Q

The structure of a protein controls its…

A

function.

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5
Q

What controls the funtion of a protein?

A

the structure of a protein

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6
Q

What are the protein functions?

A

Structure, enzymes, and hormones

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7
Q

Structure, enzymes, and hormones are all what?

A

Protein Functions

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8
Q

Hemoglobin, Elastin, Keratin, Fibrin, Insulin, and Pepsin are all examples of what?

A

Examples of proteins

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9
Q

What are 6 examples of proteins?

A

Hemoglobin, Elastin, Keratin, Fibrin, Insulin, and Pepsin

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10
Q

What is Hemoglobin?

A

A protein that carries oxygen in the blood

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11
Q

What is Elastin?

A

A flexible protein of the skin

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12
Q

What is Keratin?

A

A hard protein in figernails

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13
Q

What is Fibrin?

A

A clotting protein

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14
Q

What is Insulin?

A

A glucose regulating hormone

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15
Q

What is pepsin?

A

A digestive enzyme

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16
Q

DNA code is used to construct…

A

Proteins

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17
Q

What is transcription?

A

DNA code copied to mRNA in the Nucleus

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18
Q

What is translation?

A

mRNA code is used to make a protein

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19
Q

What is the DNA sugar?

A

Deoxyribose

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20
Q

What is the DNA nitrogen bases?

A

Adenine, Cytosine, Thymine, and Guanine

21
Q

What is the structure of DNA? How many strands does it have?

A

2 strands

22
Q

What is the RNA sugar?

A

Ribose

23
Q

What is the RNA nitrogen bases?

A

Adenine, Cytosine, Uracil, Guanine

24
Q

What is the structure of RNA? How many strands does it have?

A

1 strand

25
Q

DNA –> RNA is…

A

Transcription

26
Q

What are the steps of Transcription?

A
  1. DNA unwinds in the nucleus
  2. mRNA makes a copy of a gene from the DNA and leaves the nucleus
27
Q

mRNA –> Protein is…

A

Translation

28
Q

What are the steps of Translation?

A
  1. mRNA goes to the ribosome
  2. tRNA molucules bring amino acids to the ribosome
  3. The ribosome puts amino acids together with peptide bonds to make proteins
29
Q

Where does Transcription occur?

A

in the nucleus

30
Q

Where does Translation occur?

A

in the ribosomes

31
Q

What is the process of transcription?

A

mRNA copies DNA strand to leave the nucleus

32
Q

What is the process of translation?

A

tRNA matches with mRNA and brings amino acids to build proteins

33
Q

What does transcription create?

A

mRNA strand

34
Q

What does translation create?

A

Protein

35
Q

DNA –> mRNA –> _____

A

Protein

36
Q

DNA –> _____ –> Protein

A

mRNA

37
Q

_____ –> mRNA –> Protein

A

DNA

38
Q

mRNA will have _____ instead of thymine.

A

uracil

39
Q

If you are given the DNA strand what must you first do before you can group codons?

A

You have to determine the complementary mRNA strand

40
Q

What are codons?

A

The three sets of nucleotides mRNA is divided into

41
Q

mRNA is divided into what?

A

Three sets of nucleotides called codons

42
Q

Each tRNA molecule has…

A

one set of three nucleotides called an anticodon

43
Q

_____ has one set of three nucleotides called an anticodon.

A

tRNA

44
Q

Codons and anticodons match up to put in the right…

A

amino acid

45
Q

One codon codes for one _____.

A

amino acid

46
Q

One _____ codes for one amino acid.

A

codon

47
Q

The genetic code is _____.

A

universal

48
Q

the same codons code for the same _____ in all species.

A

amino acids

49
Q

the same codons code for the same amino acids in _____.

A

all species

Honors Biology (42 decks)

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