*Unit 6 Part 5: Mutations and Gene Technology Flashcards
DNA & Protein Synthesis
A change is DNA sequence is called a _____.
mutation
Some mutations aree caused by external factors called _____.
mutagens
Gene mutations
Changes in small amounts of nucleotides
Point mutation
~One nucleotide is changed to a different nucleotide
~Typically causes no issues
~Ex. Instead of A it is T
Frame shift mutation
~One or more nucleotides are inserted or deleted
~Bigger effect than point mutations because it changes how the DNA code is read
What is another word for point mutation?
Substitution mutation
Chromosome mutations
Affect many genes
Deletion Chromosome Mutation
Gene/genes are missing
Duplication Chromosome Mutation
Extra copies of a gene
Inversion Chromosome Mutation
Genes are backward
Translocation Chromosome Mutation
Genes are switched to a different chromosome
DNA technologies allow scientists to _____, _____, and _____ genes.
identify; study; modify
The _____ is a collaborative effort to map the entire gene sequence of humans.
human genome project
DNA technologies help with the detection, prevention, and treatment of _____.
genetic diseases
DNA technologies raise ethical questions about being able to change…
human genes.
Genetic Engineering
Manipulating genes using biotechnology
New gene combinations are called…
recombinant DNA.
Where is genetic engineering used?
~Agriculture
~Basic research
~Medicine
List products created through genetic engineering.
~Human growth hormones
~Insulin
~Pest and disease resistant crops
Cloning
The production of genetically identical organisms
Perform _____ to identify DNA patterns for DNA fingerprinting.
gel electrophoresis
DNA fingerprinting and gel electrophoresis can find matches for…
~Crime suspects
~Paternity
Eugenics
~1900’s movement
~An attempt to eliminate undesirable traits by preventing people from having children
~Forced sterilization
~Misuse of the principles of heredity
~Considered a pseudoscience
Pseudoscience
Not real science