*Unit 5 Part 1: Meiosis

Question 1

Mitosis

Answer 1

The process where cells divide to create two genetically identical daughter cells from the parent cell

Question 2

In mitosis, the cells are _____ meaning there are two copies of each chromosome.

Answer 2

diploid

Question 3

In mitosis, _____ cells are produced.

Answer 3

somatic(body)

Question 4

The purpose of mitosis is _____ and _____.

Answer 4

growth; repair

Question 5

What are the two goals of meiosis?

Answer 5

~Make cells for sexual reproduction
~Create genetic variation

Question 6

Sex cells are called ____.

Answer 6

gametes

Question 7

Gametes come together in _____ to make a _____.

Answer 7

fertilization; zygote

Question 8

Zygote

Answer 8

A fertilized egg

Question 9

What term is being described in the following sentence?
Mix up genes from both parents to get new combinations of genes.

Answer 9

Genetic variation

Question 10

Body cells are _____.

Answer 10

diploid

Question 11

Diploid

Answer 11

Two copies of each chromosome

Question 12

Humans have 23 pairs of…

Answer 12

homologous chromosomes with each pair having one chromosome from each parent.

Question 13

Sex cells are _____.

Answer 13

haploid

Question 14

Haploid

Answer 14

One copy of each chromosome

Question 15

Karyotypes show…

Answer 15

pairs of chromosomes

Question 16

In humans, chromosomes #1-22:

Answer 16

autosomes

Question 17

In humans, chromosome #23:

Answer 17

sex chromosomes

Question 18

XX

Answer 18

Female

Question 19

XY

Answer 19

Male

Question 20

Karyotypes are used to…

Answer 20

detect genetic disorders.

Question 21

Nondisjunction

Answer 21

Chromosomes don’t separate correctly in meiosis

Question 22

Monosomy

Answer 22

Only one copy of a chromosome

Question 23

Trisomy

Answer 23

Three copies of a chromosomes

Question 24

What does PMAT stand for?

Answer 24

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Question 25

Meiosis has how many cycles of PMAT?

Answer 25

2

Question 26

In meiosis, the cell divides twice, meaning the chromosome number is…

Answer 26

cut in half.

Question 27

The female sex cells are _____.

Answer 27

eggs

Question 28

The male sex cells are _____.

Answer 28

sperm

Question 29

Oogenesis

Answer 29

The production of eggs (aka ova) creating 1 functional egg and 3 polar bodies (non-functioning eggs)

Question 30

Spermatogenesis

Answer 30

Production of sperm creating 4 functional sperm

Question 31

What are the two ways meiosis creates genetic variation?

Answer 31

Crossing over and independent assortment

Question 32

Crossing over

Answer 32

Homologous chromosomes switch genes during 1st prophase. This produces unique chromosomes.

Question 33

Independent Assortment

Answer 33

Chromosomes can line up in various ways during metaphase

Question 34

List the advantages of meiosis.

Answer 34

~Meiosis and sexual reproduction make new gene combinations
~More genetic variation among indiviuals of a population means some members will be able to survive in changing or difficult conditions

Question 35

List the results of meiosis

Answer 35

~4 different daughter cells are created
~Cells are haploid (23 chromosomes)
~Makes gametes (4 sperm and 1 egg)

Question 36

Mitosis vs Meiosis

_____ reproduction

Answer 36

Mitosis: Asexual

Meiosis: Sexual

Question 37

Mitosis vs Meiosis

_____ parent(s) needed

Answer 37

Mitosis: 1

Meiosis: 2

Question 38

Mitosis vs Meiosis

Offspring are _____

Answer 38

Mitosis: identical (clones)

Meiosis: unique (traits from both parents

Question 39

Mitosis vs Meiosis

_____ time and effort needed

Answer 39

Mitosis: Little

Meiosis: More

Question 40

Mitosis vs Meiosis

Produces _____ offspring

Answer 40

Mitosis: many

Meiosis: fewer

Question 41

Mitosis is called _____ in prokaryotes.

Answer 41

binary fission

Question 42

Meiosis creates more _____ diversity.

Answer 42

genetic