*Unit 7 Part 3: Evidence of Evolution

Question 1

Fossil

Answer 1

Evidence of an organism that lived long ago

Question 2

Scientists have used the _____ record to construct a history of life on Earth.

Answer 2

fossil

Question 3

Scientists have found _____ that have traits of two different classes of organisms.

Answer 3

“missing links”

Question 4

Fossils are usually found in _____ rocks.

Answer 4

sedimentary

Question 5

Hard body parts become fossilized when…

Answer 5

minerals replace tissue over time.

Question 6

Law of superposition

Answer 6

New layers of rock are deposited on top of older ones

Question 7

Relative dating

Answer 7

~Law of superposition
~Older fossils are found deeper than newer fossils

Question 8

Radioactive dating

Answer 8

~AKA absolute dating
~Gives actual age of fossils
~Calculated age by examining the amount of radioactive element remains in a fossil
~Uses half-life

Question 9

Half-life

Answer 9

How long it takes for half the atoms of a radioactive element in a sample to decay

Question 10

The _____ is known for many elements, so it can be used to calculate the age of a fossil.

Answer 10

half-life

Question 11

Homologous structures

Answer 11

~Features with similar underlying structures inherited from a common ancestor
~May have adapted for different functions over time

Question 12

The forearms of a human, bat wing, whale flipper, and caw paw all have similar underlying structures that have evolved over time. What is this an example of?

Answer 12

Homologous structures

Question 13

Analogous structures

Answer 13

~Do not show common ancestry
~Structures that independently evolved to perform the same function
~Have different underlying structures

Question 14

An insect wing, bat wing, and bird wing have no similar underlying structures, but they perform the same function. What is this an example of?

Answer 14

Analogous structures

Question 15

Vestiges means…

Answer 15

left over.

Question 16

Vestigial structures

Answer 16

~Structures that appear to have no function
~Were once useful to an ancestor

Question 17

List examples of vestigial structure in humans.

Answer 17

~Appendix
~Tail bone
~Goose bumps
~Body hair

Question 18

More related species have similar _____ development.

Answer 18

embryo

Question 19

Human embryos contain _____ and _____- features that disappear during development.

Answer 19

gill-arches; tail

Question 20

All living things have DNA with the same _____ and many shared _____.

Answer 20

4 bases; proteins

Question 21

The more similar the _____, the closer the ancestry of the organisms.

Answer 21

genes

Question 22

Real-Time Observations

Answer 22

Instances of evolution by natural selection occuring right before our eyes

Question 23

Rock pocket mice, peppered moths, antibiotic, and pesticide resistance are all instances of natural selection occuring right before our eyes. This is otherwise known as…

Answer 23

real-time observations.

Question 24

Are humans still evolving?

Answer 24

Yes

Question 25

Is the following statement true or false?
Humans evolve much differently than other organisms.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

Many human genes are _____.

Answer 26

polygenic

Question 27

Many human adaptations are through…

Answer 27

technology and migration.

Question 28

As dairy farming increased, the _____ gene remained turned on in more humans.

Answer 28

lactase

Question 29

The antibiotic resistance in bacteria happens quickly because…

Answer 29

bacteria reproduce quickly.

Question 30

How did the antibiotic resistance occur in bacteria?

Answer 30

1. A few bacteria in a population happen to carry a gene that allows them to be resistance to an antibiotic
2. After being treated with the antibiotic, most normal bacteria dies
3. The resistent bacteria multiply
4. Eventually, the entire infection evolves into a resistant stain which can be passed to others