*Unit 3 Vocab

Question 1

Active Transport

Answer 1

Cells must use energy to move materials from areas of low concentration to high

Question 2

Passive Transport

Answer 2

Materials can move down concentration gradient (from high to low) on their own

Question 3

Concentration Gradient

Answer 3

The difference in concentration inside the cell vs. outside

Question 4

Diffusion

Answer 4

Substances move from an area of higher to lower concentration directly through the cell membrane

Question 5

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 5

Larger substances are moved form high to low with the assistance of a transport protein

Question 6

Osmosis

Answer 6

Movement of water through a semi-permeable membrane

Question 7

Protein Pump

Answer 7

Membrane protein uses energy to move materials

Question 8

ATP

Answer 8

Energy

Question 9

Endocytosis

Answer 9

Membrane pinches in to take particles into the cell

Question 10

Exocytosis

Answer 10

Particles surrounded by membrane move out of the cell/ Vesicles surround particles and move them out of the cell

Question 11

Tonicity

Answer 11

the capability of a solution to modify the volume of cells by altering their water content

Question 12

Isotonic

Answer 12

Contain the same concentration of solute as the cell, water diffuses in and out of the cell at the same rate

Question 13

Hypotonic

Answer 13

Contain a low concentration of solute, water diffuses into the cell, causing the cell to swell

Question 14

Hypertonic

Answer 14

Contain a high concentration of solute, water diffuses out of the cell, causing the cell to shrink

Question 15

Solute

Answer 15

Substance that is dissolved

Question 16

Solvent

Answer 16

Dissolving agent

Question 17

Cell Cycle

Answer 17

A repeating process of growth, development, and reproduction that a typical cell goes through

Question 18

Interphase

Answer 18

Cell growth and development, DNA is copied

Question 19

G1

Answer 19

Normal routine cell growth

Question 20

G2

Answer 20

Preparation to divide

Question 21

S Phase

Answer 21

DNA is copied (synthesis)

Question 22

Cytokinesis

Answer 22

Cytoplasm divides

Question 23

Mitosis

Answer 23

The four stages (PMAT) in which the nucleus divides

Question 24

Cancer

Answer 24

The uncontrolled growth of cells

Question 25

Prophase

Answer 25

Chromosomes condense and become visible; 1. nuclear membrane breaks down, 2. spindle attach to chromatids

Question 26

Metaphase

Answer 26

Chromosomes line up in the middle at the metaphase plate

Question 27

Anaphase

Answer 27

Identical chromatids are pulled apart to opposite ends of the cell

Question 28

Telophase

Answer 28

Two nuclei reform; Chromosomes begin to “relax and unwind”

Question 29

Cleavage Furrow

Answer 29

What forms in animal cells as cytokinesis takes place and the cytoplasm divides

Question 30

Cell Plate

Answer 30

What forms in plant cells as cytokinesis takes place and the cyplasm divides

Question 31

Chromosomes

Answer 31

Genes are packaged in bundles (humans have 46)

Question 32

Spindle Fiber

Answer 32

They pull chromosomes to ends of cell

Question 33

Centromere

Answer 33

Where sister chromatids are held together at

Question 34

Centriole

Answer 34

Anchor spindle fibers

Question 35

Somatic Cell

Answer 35

Body cell

Question 36

Diploid

Answer 36

Having the same number of chromosomes as the parent cells (for humans it’s 46)

Question 37

Sister Chromatid

Answer 37

Identical copies of chromosome held together at the centromere