Unit 8

Question 1

How many calories come from carbohydrates and protein?

Answer 1

4 kcal/gram

Question 2

How many calories come from alcohol?

Answer 2

7 kcal/gramH

Question 3

How many calories come from fat?

Answer 3

9 kcal/gram

Question 4

How much energy is spent on digesting and absorb food (thermic effect of food)?

Answer 4

10%

Question 5

How many energy goes towards basal metabolism?

Answer 5

60-75%

Question 6

How much energy goes towards physical activities?

Answer 6

20%

Question 7

What are factors that effect basal metabolic rate?

Answer 7

1. Age
2. height
3. growth
4. body composition
5. fever
6. stress
7. environmental temperature
8. fasting/starvation
9. malnutrition
10. thyroxine

Question 8

What are the physiological influences for hunger?

Answer 8

• empty stomach
• gastric contractions
• absence of nutrients
• GI hormones (elevated ghrelin)
• endorphins (brains pleasure compounds)

Question 9

Why do we stop eating?

Answer 9

• Presence of food triggers stretch receptors
• nutrients in intestine elicit satiety hormones (GLP-1, CCK)

Question 10

Why do we not start eating yet?

Answer 10

• nutrients in blood signal brain
• as nutrients diminish, satiety diminishes and hunger develops
• hunger hormones increase (ghrelin)

Question 11

How much essential fat do men and women have?

Answer 11

Men: 3%;
Women: 12%

Question 12

What is included in essential fat?

Answer 12

bone marrow, central nervous sytem, internal organs

Question 13

What is the accepted body fat for women?

Answer 13

25-31%

Question 14

What is the accepted body fat for men?

Answer 14

18-25%

Question 15

What happens when body fat % goes below a certain threshold?

Answer 15

infertility, develop depression, abnormal hunger regulation, unable to keep warm

Question 16

In general, will fit people (athletes) have higher or lower body fat?

Answer 16

Lower

Question 17

What does excess fat in the chest and stomach areas increase the risk for?

Answer 17

diabetes, heart disease and hypertension

Question 18

What can be present in metabolic syndrome?

Answer 18

• abdominal obesity
• elevated levels of triglycerides
• low levels of HDL
• high blood pressure/hypertension
• impaired fasting glucose

Question 19

What are some ways we can measure body composition?

Answer 19

• fat-fold measurements
• underwater weighing
• bioelectrical impedance
• DXA