Unit 31

Question 1

T/F: there are more children than seniors?

Answer 1

false

Question 2

What is life expectancy? What is it lengthened by?

Answer 2

average number of years lived

lengthened by medical science and nutrition

Question 3

What is life span?

Answer 3

maxium number of years

Question 4

What is the human life span?

Answer 4

120 years

Question 5

Has life expectancy changed over th years? Lifespan?

Answer 5

life expectancy has gone up, life span has not

Question 6

What is the life expectancy of women in canada?

Answer 6

83.8 years

Question 8

What is the life expectancy of men in canada?

Answer 8

79.3 years

Question 9

Which province has the highest life expectancy?

Answer 9

BC

Question 10

What is the shortest and longest life expectancy in the world?

Answer 10

shortest: central african republic - 54.36 years
longest: hong kond - 85.29 years

Question 11

Does physiological age reflect chronological age?

Answer 11

not necessarily

Question 12

What healthy habits can slow aging?

Answer 12

1. sleep
2. well balance meals
3. regular physical activity
4. no smoking

Question 13

What happens with calorie resitriction in animals?

Answer 13

• increased life span
• fewer age related diseases
• 30-50% fewer calories
• agin genes less active
• less oxidative stress

Question 14

How does calorie restriction in humans affect inflammation, oxidative stress and immune function?

Answer 14

• decreased F2-isoprostances
• decreased C-reactive protein, TNF-alpha
• decreased white blood cell, lymphocyte and monocyte counts

Question 15

What occured in the people in the Calorie Restriction Society International who restricted calories for 15 years?

Answer 15

reduced body fat, markers of inflammation and CVD risk

Question 16

What physiological changes do we see in againg?

Answer 16

1. body composition (lose bone and muscle, increase fat %)
2. immune system (declines with age, compromised by nutritional deficiencies)
3. GI tract (decreased stomach acidity, intestinal tract loses strength and elasticity – constipation)
4. Endocrine (hormones increase/decrease (testosterone and estrogen)
5. tooth loss (chewing difficult or painful, dentures)
6. Sensory losses (poor eyesight, taste and smell sensitivity declines, loss of vision and hearing - social isolation)

Question 17

Does taste or smell decline more with age?

Answer 17

Smell

Question 18

What are some physiological changes that occure with age?

Answer 18

• depression
• loss of apetitie and motivation to cook and eat

Question 19

What economic changes occur with age?

Answer 19

20% of people >65 live in poverty

Question 20

What social chnages occur with age?

Answer 20

malnutrition in those living along

Question 21

What happens to water needs with age?

Answer 21

• total body water decreases
• mild fever or hot weather leads to dehydration

Question 22

What happens to energy needs with age?

Answer 22

• needs decline estimated 5% per decade

Question 23

What happens to protein needs with age?

Answer 23

• suggest 1 g/kg BW
• important for immue system and prevent muscle wasting

Question 24

What happens to vitamin and mineral needs with age?

Answer 24

• vitamin B12, D, calcium and iron

Question 25

What are some nutrition related disease in older adults?

Answer 25

1. cataracts and macular degeneration
2. arthrities
3. alzheimers

Question 26

What is cataracts?

Answer 26

thickening of eye lens

Question 27

What is macular degeneration?

Answer 27

deterioration of center of retina responsibe for straight ahead vision

Question 28

How can we protect against ctaracts and macular degeneration?

Answer 28

antioxidants

Question 29

What is osteoarthritis? How can we prevent it?

Answer 29

cushioning cartilage in joint brekas

take prebiotic fiber

Question 30

What is rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer 30

autoimmune disease with painful inflammation of joints

prevent with omega-3 and fish oild