Unit 31 Flashcards
Adults of all ages
T/F: there are more children than seniors?
false
What is life expectancy? What is it lengthened by?
average number of years lived
lengthened by medical science and nutrition
What is life span?
maxium number of years
What is the human life span?
120 years
Has life expectancy changed over th years? Lifespan?
life expectancy has gone up, life span has not
What is the life expectancy of women in canada?
83.8 years
What is the life expectancy of men in canada?
79.3 years
Which province has the highest life expectancy?
BC
What is the shortest and longest life expectancy in the world?
shortest: central african republic - 54.36 years
longest: hong kond - 85.29 years
Does physiological age reflect chronological age?
not necessarily
What healthy habits can slow aging?
- sleep
- well balance meals
- regular physical activity
- no smoking
What happens with calorie resitriction in animals?
- increased life span
- fewer age related diseases
- 30-50% fewer calories
- agin genes less active
- less oxidative stress
How does calorie restriction in humans affect inflammation, oxidative stress and immune function?
- decreased F2-isoprostances
- decreased C-reactive protein, TNF-alpha
- decreased white blood cell, lymphocyte and monocyte counts
What occured in the people in the Calorie Restriction Society International who restricted calories for 15 years?
reduced body fat, markers of inflammation and CVD risk
What physiological changes do we see in againg?
- body composition (lose bone and muscle, increase fat %)
- immune system (declines with age, compromised by nutritional deficiencies)
- GI tract (decreased stomach acidity, intestinal tract loses strength and elasticity – constipation)
- Endocrine (hormones increase/decrease (testosterone and estrogen)
- tooth loss (chewing difficult or painful, dentures)
- Sensory losses (poor eyesight, taste and smell sensitivity declines, loss of vision and hearing - social isolation)
Does taste or smell decline more with age?
Smell
What are some physiological changes that occure with age?
- depression
- loss of apetitie and motivation to cook and eat
What economic changes occur with age?
20% of people >65 live in poverty
What social chnages occur with age?
malnutrition in those living along
What happens to water needs with age?
- total body water decreases
- mild fever or hot weather leads to dehydration
What happens to energy needs with age?
- needs decline estimated 5% per decade
What happens to protein needs with age?
- suggest 1 g/kg BW
- important for immue system and prevent muscle wasting
What happens to vitamin and mineral needs with age?
- vitamin B12, D, calcium and iron
What are some nutrition related disease in older adults?
- cataracts and macular degeneration
- arthrities
- alzheimers
What is cataracts?
thickening of eye lens
What is macular degeneration?
deterioration of center of retina responsibe for straight ahead vision
How can we protect against ctaracts and macular degeneration?
antioxidants
What is osteoarthritis? How can we prevent it?
cushioning cartilage in joint brekas
take prebiotic fiber
What is rheumatoid arthritis?
autoimmune disease with painful inflammation of joints
prevent with omega-3 and fish oild
