Unit 7 Flashcards
What is the digestive system made up of?
- mouth
- pharynx
- epiglottis
- esophagus
- stomach
- SI
- LI
- Rectum
- Anus
What are accessory organs for the digestive system?
- liver
- gall bladder
- pancreas
How much (approximately) of fat, protein, carbohydrates is digested in absorbed?
92-99%
What is NOT digested by humans?
Dietary ibre
What is the most densely colonized ecosystem of the human body?
the gut
What does the gut microbiota do?
- Train immune system
- harvest energy from fibre
- intestinal barrier and motility
- produces vitamins (vitamin)
What are some things that can depend on your baseline gut microbiota?
- predict weight loss in response to diet intervention
- response to chemo and immunotherapy
- respond/non-responder to artificial sweetener’s
What is dysbiosis?
Imbalanced microbiota
What is most influential on gut microbiota?
diet
True/False: Can gut microbiota transfer diesease
True (mice)
What happens when we don’t eat enough fibre?
Microbiota will begin to eat the mucous layer, leads to leaky gut
What is mechanical digestion?
physcial break down of food
What is chemical digestion?
Chemical breakdown of food using enzymes, bile and hydrochloric acid
How often do intestinal cells turn over?
every 4-5 days
What end products do blood vessels take up?
Carbohydrates and protein breakdown products
What end products do lymphatic vessels take up?
fatty acids from fat breakdown
What does the large intestine absorb?
Water, sodium, and some of the end products of bacterial digestion
What enzymes breaks down carbohydrates?
Amylase
What enzyme breaks down proteins?
proteases
What enzyme breaks down fat?
lipases
What is heartburn caused by?
excessive stomach acid or defective lower esophageal sphincter
What is the chronic form of acid reflux?
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
What can protect against heart burn?
High-fibre diets
What causes ulcers to develop?
when the protective stomach or duodenum lining is damaged
Why is H.pylori bad?
Class 1 carcinogen - stomach
What causes constipation and hemmorrhoids?
diets with not enough fibre
How much fibre do aldults (male and female) need?
Females - 25g
males - 38g
What does severe diarrhea lead to ?
dehydration, heart and kidneyt malfunction and deatha
