Unit 25

Question 1

What is included in the term supplements?

Answer 1

• vitamins and minerals
• probotics and pre-biotics
• herbal remedies
• homeopathic remedies
• traditional medicies such as traditional chinese medecines
• other products like amino acids and essential fatty acids

Question 2

What are supplements called by health canada?

Answer 2

natural health products

Question 3

Do supplements have vigorous testing by FDA or health Canada?

Answer 3

no

Question 4

What does canadian legislation require natural health products to have?

Answer 4

a natural product number (NPN)

Question 5

What is the USP dietary supplement verification program?

Answer 5

voluntary program open to manufacturers of dietary supplement finished products from around the world

Question 6

Do manufacturers have to manafacture a supplement/drug product to the pharmacopoeial standard?

Answer 6

No, it can be to the manufacturers own standard

Question 7

What are some regulations aorund natural health products?

Answer 7

• need to contain the ingredients listed on the label, in the declared potency and ammounts
• cannot contain harmful levels of specified contanminants (lead and mercury, microbes, pesticides
• will break down and release into body within a specified amount of time
• has been made according to FDA current Good Manufacturing Practices using sanitary and well-controlled procedures

Question 8

Is vitamin E better absorbed as a supplement or food?

Answer 8

• natural is more rapidly absorbed and maintained in tissue (2x as potent)

Question 9

Is vitamin C better absorbed as a supplement or food?

Answer 9

They are both the same (natural and synthetic have same potency)

Question 10

What should you take a multivitamin with for better absorption?

Answer 10

meat

Question 11

What should you take iron supplements with for better absorption? What should you avoid?

Answer 11

• take with meal or glass of juice
• avoid taking with tea or coffee
• if anemic – not at same time as Ca

Question 12

What should you take calcium supplement with to increase absorption?

Answer 12

• calcium carbonate with a meal
• Ca + vitamin D a good idea in winter and if no multivitamin is taken n(vitamin D helps Ca set in bones)

Question 13

Should you divide large doses of calcium?

Answer 13

Yes

Question 14

What are some functions of whey protein?

Answer 14

• improving sport performance
• immunomodulation
• antibacterial, antiviral and antifunal activity

Question 15

What are the main organs affected with abusive use of protein supplements?

Answer 15

• liver
• skin – acne
• kidney
• microbiota

Question 16

What does creatine do?

Answer 16

increase bioavailability of phosphocreatine in muscle cells

• faster resynthesis of ATP
• brief high intesnity exercise

Question 17

Can the body synthesize PCr?

Answer 17

yes from amino acids

Question 18

Do vegtarians have higher or lower PCr stores?

Answer 18

Lower, may benefit more from supplementation

Question 19

What is the recommendation for creatine supplementation?

Answer 19

~0.3 g/kg/day of creatine monohydrate for 5-7 days followed by 3-5 g/day after to mainatin elevated stores

Question 20

What are some potential safety concerns of creatine?

Answer 20

• kidney and liver function
• muscle injury
• supress natural creatine synthesis
• promote dehydration and muscle cramping

Question 21

Is creatine considered safe and beneficial?

Answer 21

yes

Question 22

What do omega-3 supplements help with?

Answer 22

• heart health
• autoimmune diseases
• depression
• brain development in infancy

Question 23

What are some negative side effectrs of very high doeses of omega 3 supplement such as fish oils?

Answer 23

1. high blood sugar
2. bleeding
3. low BP
4. diarrhea
5. acid reflux

Question 24

Why do people take herbal supplement?

Answer 24

• considered natural and therefore healthier and safer
• for a specific condition or general health

Question 25

Are herbs effective?

Answer 25

• many have health benefits
• lacking well controlled research studies
• short-term and long term risks an benefits??

Question 26

Is kombucha considered safe?

Answer 26

• acidosis from excess acid can occur in persons with underlying conditions such as diabetes
• ethanol value vlaues in excess of 0.5% can also be of concern to toddlers and infants and during pregancy

need to be careful with handling of kombucha

Question 27

What are some considerations to take into account before taking herbal supplements?

Answer 27

• may interact with prescription medications and over the counter drugs
• advise doctor or pharmicist of all herb use
• take for only a short period of time
• follow label instructions
• if unsual side effects, stop immediately
• do not take in place of conventional medecine for chronic conditions
• not for children under 12, pregnant or lactating women, kidney or liver damag, immunocompromised (elderly or HIV), undergoing surgery

Question 27

What are probiotics?

Answer 27

live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host

Question 28

What are prebiotics?

Answer 28

substrates selectively utilized by host microorganisms that confer a health benefit (food for the microbes that provide health benefits)

Question 29

Are pre/probiotics considered safe?

Answer 29

yes, but may cause problems in some

Question 30

What are some side effects of probiotics?

Answer 30

• unpleasant digestive symptoms
• allergic reaction
• fillers might cause allergic reaction
• infection and sepsis in susceptible people
• interaction with some medicines

Question 31

What are some side effects of prebiotics?

Answer 31

• unpleasant digestive symptoms
• gastroesophageal reflux
• worse sytmptoms of IBS
• not recommended for people with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth

Question 32

Should you take supplements over the RDA?

Answer 32

no

Question 33

Betacarotene supplements can increase risk of which cancer?

Answer 33

lung

Question 34

Should you take supplements for a prolonged period of time?

Answer 34

No, only for a short period