Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

microbiology > unit 6 > Flashcards

unit 6 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Spirochetes

A
  • flexible
    -motile
    -gram negative
    -used axial filaments for movement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What kind of gram bacteria are spirochetes

A

gram negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Treponema sp. Borrelia sp. and Leptospira sp. are examples of what kind of bacteria?

A

spirochetes that are gram negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Treponema sp.

A

causes syphillus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Borrelia sp.

A

causes lyme’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Leptospira sp.

A

-causes leptospirosis
- found in dogs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Leptospirosis caused by leptospira sp.

A
  • affects kidneys
    -found in racoons/dogs/skunks
    -lives in intestines
    -found in fecal matter
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Motile helical vibroids

A
  • Motile by flagella
  • gram negative
  • located in soil, water , airbourne
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Campylobacter jejuni and Helicobacter pylori are examples of what kind of bacteria?

A

Motile helical vibroids that are gram negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Campylobacter jejuni

A
  • foodbourne illness
    -associated with poultry
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Helicobacter pylori

A
  • transmission = person -> person
  • due to salty/ fatty foods
  • attacks stomach lining
  • causes peptide ulcers/ stomach cancer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

examples of Gram negative aerobic rod/cocci

A

pseudomonas sp.
legionella sp.
Neisseria sp. (gonorrhoeae/ meningitdis)
Brucella sp.
Bordetella sp.
Francisella sp. / F. tularensis
Rhizobium sp.
Azotobacter and Azomonas sp.
Acetobacter and Gluconbacter sp.
Zoogloea sp.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pseudomonas sp.

A

motile and produces pigments
effects = weakens host
minimal carbon requirments
resistant to antibiotics/disinfectants
hospital infection (person -> person)
non pathogenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Legionella sp.

A

-can be transferred from person -> person
- legionaries disease
- transmission = inhalation
- men over 50 more likely to contract
-colonize water lines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis are 2 examples of what genus?

A

Neisseria sp.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

N. gonorrhoeae

A
  • gonorrhea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

N. meningitdis

A
  • causes meningococcal meningitis
  • produces endotoxins
  • population = young adults/ head trauma
    -vaccine available
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Brucella sp.

A
  • OIP
    -Milk bourne pathogen
  • zoonotic disease (from animals)
  • causes Brucellosis (cardiovasuclar disease)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How is brucella sp. obtained

A

drinking unpasteruized milk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Bordetella sp.

A

-causes B. pertussis in humans (whooping cough)
-kernel cough in dogs
-virulent = capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

DPT or Dtap vaccine treats what microbe

A

Bordetella sp.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Francisella sp. (F. tularensis)

A
  • causes tularemia (rabbit fever)
  • dangerous to handle
    -transmission = breaks in skin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Rhizobium sp.

A

-symbiotic mutalitstic relation = legumes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Azotobacter and Azomonas sp.

A
  • fixes atmospheric Nitrogen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Acetobacter and Gluconobacter sp.

A
  • turns ethanol -> acetic acid (vinegar)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Zoogloea sp.

A
  • sewage treatment processes
    -good decomposers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

examples of faculatative anaerobic gram negative rods

A
  • Escherichia sp.
    -salmonella sp.
  • Shigella sp.
  • Klebsiella sp.
    -Serrattia sp.
  • Proteus sp.
    -Enterobacter sp.
    -Yersinia sp.
    -Vibrio sp.
    -Pasterulla sp.
    -Haemophilus sp.
    -H influenzae sp.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Escherichia sp. (e.coli )

A
  • enteries = gi tract
  • e.coil found in intestinal tract
  • help break down vitamin
  • causes UTI, diarrhea, hemolytic uremic syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Salmonella sp. ( S. typhi:)

A

-causes typhoid fever
- transmission = fecal/oral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

How is Salmonellosis obtained

A

eating uncooked contaminated eggs/poultry
part of normal flora of reptiles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Shigella sp. ( shigellosis)

A
  • is bacillary dynsentery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Klebsiella sp. (K. pneuomonia)

A
  • causes septicemia and pneumonia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Serratia sp. (s. marcescens)

A
  • hospital accquired bacteria (Nosocomial infection)
  • causes red/pink pigmentation
  • causes UTI’s and RTI’s
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Proteus sp.

A
  • UTI’s and wound infections
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Enterobacter sp.

A
  • Nosocomial infections / UTI’s
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Yersinia sp. (Yersinia pestis)

A

-Bubonic plague (black death)
-causes buboes (swollen lymph nodes)
- treated by antibiotics
- rat’s prairie dogs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Vibrio sp. (vibrionaceae)

A
  • mostly non pathogenic
  • aquatic/halophiles
37
Q

V. Cholera (vibrionaceae)

A
  • serious GI tract infection
    -rapid dehydration
38
Q

V. parahemolyticus V. Vulnificus

A
  • uncooked contaminiated shellfish
39
Q

Pasteurella multocida (pasteurellaceae)

A
  • capsules
  • from infected dog/cat bites
  • viral
40
Q

Haemophilus sp. (pasteurellaceae)

A
  • normal flora = skin oral cavity , vagina , GI
  • requires hemoglobin/NAO+ for growth
  • nonpathogenic unless location changes
41
Q

H. influenzae (pasteurellaceae)

A
  • influenzal meningitis
  • HIP vaccine = treatment
    -causes pink eye/eye infection
42
Q

Gardnerella sp. (pasteurellaceae)

A
  • common vaginalis (G. vaginallis)
43
Q

Rickettsia and Chlamydia

A
  • Both are OIP
    -small in size
44
Q

Rickettsia sp.

A
  • lives in cytoplasm
  • transmission = bite of arthropod vector
  • causes cardiovascular disease (spotted rash)
45
Q

Epidemic typhus (typhus fever) (lice), Endemic typhus (rat fleas), Rocky moutain spotted fever (Ticks), and Q fever (Coxiella burnetti) belong to what genus?

A

Rickettsia sp.

46
Q

Q fever (Coxiella burnetti)

A
  • milk borne pathogen
    -ingestion of unpasteruized milk
47
Q

Chlamydia sp.

A
  • lives with vacuoles of cells
  • mode of transmission = airbourne/ interpersonal contact
48
Q

C. psittasi and C. trachmatis belong to what genus?

A

Chlamydia sp.

49
Q

C. psittasi (Psittacosis)

A
  • parrot fever or Ornithosis
  • RT infection
    -transmission = airbourne
50
Q

what infections can C. trachomatis cause

A

eye infections and non-gonococcal urethritis

51
Q

C. trachomatis (eye infection)

A

Eye infections = Inclusion conjunctivitis and Trachoma
- inclusion conjunctivitis common in infants birth canal / swimming pools
- Trachoma = leading cause of global blindness
- transmission = hand -> hand , for-mites, flies

52
Q

C. trachomatis (non- gonococcal urethritis)

A
  • leading STI in US
  • transmission = mainly sexual
  • can lead to ecoptic pregnancy, sterility, if untreated
  • mild symptoms fot men/ asymptomatic for women
53
Q

Mycoplasma sp.

A

-no cell wall
-not inhibited by penicillin
- filament production

54
Q

Mycoplasma pneumonia

A
  • walking pneumonia
    -affects young adults/children
55
Q

Gram positive cocci

A
  • staphylococcus
    -streptococcus
56
Q

Staphylococcus

A
  • Halophile
    -cocci in clusters
    -thick pg layer
57
Q

S. epidermidis , S aureus , and MRSA belong to what genus

A

Staphylococcus

58
Q

S epidermidis

A

part of normal skin flora

59
Q

S. aureus

A
  • carriers (nostrils/skin)
    -food poisoning
  • skin infections (boils/impetigo)
    -toxic shock syndrome
60
Q

methicillin resistant S. aureus

A

is MRSA
- 40% of S. aureus is methicillin resistant

61
Q

Streptococcus sp.

A
  • Non halophile (no salt)
    -cocci in chains
  • produces extra cellular substance
62
Q

Pharyngitis scarlet fever and pneumococal pneumonia are diseases caused by what?

A

streptococcus

63
Q

Endospore gram + rods

A

Clostridium sp and Bacillus sp.

64
Q

Clostridium sp.

A
  • anaerobic
  • C. tetani = tetanus
    -C botullium = Botulism and Botox
  • C perfringens = Gas gangrene / food poisoning
  • C. Diff = colitis
65
Q

Bacillus sp.

A
  • aerobic
  • mainly non pathogenic
  • common in soil
    -produce antibiotics (bacitracin)
  • B. anthracis = anthrax
66
Q

Non spore forming regular gram + rods

A

-Lactobacillus sp. and Listeria monocytogenes

67
Q

Lactobacillus sp.

A
  • mainly non pathogenic
  • produces lactic acid (for food industry)
  • part of normal flora
68
Q

Listeria monocytogenes

A
  • human pathogen = listeriosis
  • psychrophile/mesophile
  • effects immunosupressed / pregnant
69
Q

Irregular non spore forming gram + rods

A

Corynebacterium sp. and Propionibacterium sp.

70
Q

Corynebacterium sp.

A

-pleomorhic (different shapes)
- Corynebacterium diptheriae = rt infection
- DPT or DTap = vaccine

71
Q

Propionibacterium sp.

A
  • fermentation of swiss cheese (causes the holes)
  • causes P. acne = acne
72
Q

Mycobacterium

A
  • aerobic
    -non motile rods
  • acid fast bacilli (waxy cell wall)
  • mainly non-pathogenic species
73
Q

pathogens of mycobacterium

A
  • M tuberculosis (TB) = milk bourne pathogen
  • M leprae - leprosy or Hansen’s disease
74
Q

Miscellaneous bacteria

A
  • Caulobacter sp.
  • Beggiatoa sp.
75
Q

Caulobacter sp. (appendaged bacteria)

A
  • aquatic
  • has stalk (prosthecae)
  • anchors microbe to surfaces
  • unique binary fission
76
Q

What makes the binary fission process in Caulobacter sp. unique?

A

daughter cells are not identical

77
Q

Beggiatoa sp. (gliding bacteria)

A
  • slime producing
  • has symbiotic mutualisitc relationnship with rice
  • energy source = hydrogen sulfide
  • Detoxifies hydrogen sulfide by Desulfovibrio sp.
78
Q

What element does beggiatoa sp. detoxify?

A

Hydrogen sulfide

79
Q

Chemoautotroph bacteria

A
  • carbon source = carbon
    -energy source = inorganic compounds
  • soil bacteria
80
Q

Nitrobacter , Nitrosomonas sp. , and Thiobacillus are what type of bacteria

A

chemoautotrophs

81
Q

Thiobacillus makes what element

A

sulfur

82
Q

Nitrobacter , Nitrosomonas sp. make what element

A

nitrogen

83
Q

Archaeobacteria

A

are extremophiles

84
Q

what is an extremophile?

A

microbe found under extreme environmental conditions

85
Q

Halobacterium (Archaeobacteria)

A
  • require salt
86
Q

Sulfolobus sp. (Archaeobacteria)

A
  • require sulfur / pH of 2 (acidic)
    -found in volcanoes
87
Q

Methanogens (Archaeobacteria)

A
  • produces methane
  • normal flora of GI in animals
  • used in sewage treatment
88
Q

Photosynthetic bacteria

A
  • source of carbon = carbon
    -source of energy = sunlight
89
Q

Cyanobacteria sp. is an example of what type of bacteria

A

photosynthetic bacteria

90
Q

Streptomyces sp.

A
  • filamentous
  • reproduce by asexual spores
  • NJ state microbe
  • produces most of our antibiotics
  • produces geosmin
91
Q

What does geosmin which is created by streptomyces do?

A

gives soil its musty odor

microbiology (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions