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microbiology > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Is yeast multi or unicellular?

A

unicellular

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2
Q

Is mold multi or unicellular?

A

multicellular

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3
Q

Fungi characteristics

A
  • Chemoheterotrophs (source of carbon/energy = organic compounds)
    -Aerobic (require oxygen)
    -Similar to algae (no chlorophyll)
    -Absorbs food
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4
Q

Benefits of fungi

A
  • Alcohol production
    -Cheese/bread production
    -Truffles
    -Penicillin (antibioitic)
    -Decomposers of plant matter
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5
Q

Trichoderma

A

produces cellulase which break down proteins on skin of fruits

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6
Q

Undesirables of fungi

A

-Food spoilage
-leading cause of diseases in plants
-Damage to buildings (dry rot)
-Diseases to animals/humans

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7
Q

Bacteria

A

-Unicellular
-domain = bacteria
-Reproduce through binary fission
-smaller in size than fungi
-Has no sterols (steroid)
-Cell wall = Peptidoglycan
-Can grow rapidly

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8
Q

Fungi

A

-Multi/uni cellular
-Domain = Eukarya
- Reproduce through budding/spores
- larger than bacteria
-Cell wall = Mannan , Chitin , Glucan
- Contains sterols (steroids)

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9
Q

Optimal growth for fungi

A

-Warm/moist/wet areas
-Grow slower than bacteria
-Prefer more acidity (pH 5)
- Grows in high sugar/salt
-Susceptible to heat
-Can metabolize complex carbs

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10
Q

Yeasts

A
  • Are dimorphic (heat dependent)
    -Non-filamentous, oval and unicellular
    -Reproduce through budding
    -Pesudohyphae ( allows yeasts to integrate into tissue)
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11
Q

Structures of molds

A

Vegetative structures (obtain nutrients)

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12
Q

Thallus (structure of mold)

A

Body of mold is made of filaments

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13
Q

Hyphae (structure of mold)

A

-filaments = multicellular
- Can be elongated at the tips (can be long)

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14
Q

Septum (structure of mold)

A

Has cross-walls

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15
Q

Coenocytic hyphase (structure of mold)

A

has no cross walls

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16
Q

Mycelium (structure of mold)

A

Filament visible to the eye

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17
Q

How do molds reproduce

A

spores

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18
Q

What are the 2 reproductions for mold

A

Asexual and sexual

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19
Q

What are the 2 types of asexual reproduction

A

Conidiospore and Sporangiospore

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20
Q

Aspergillus and penicillium are 2 examples of what?

A

Asexual spores

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21
Q

Asexual reproduction of molds

A
  • go through mitosis (identical to parents)
  • formed by hyphae of an organism
    -more frequent than sexual mold
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22
Q

How are molds differentiated from each other

A

By their spores because they all have the same vegetative structure

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23
Q

Conidiospore

A
  • have no sacs
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24
Q

Sporangiospore

A
  • has sporangium (sac)
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25
Q

What is Rhizopus sp. an example of

A

sporangiospore

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26
Q

Sexual reproduction of molds

A
  • Go through meiosis (genetic material from both parents)
    -Occurs less often than asexual molds
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27
Q

The different types of sexual molds

A

Zygospores, ascospores, basidiospores

28
Q

toxin

A

poisons (mycotoxins) or toxin produced by some fungi

29
Q

Aflatoxin

A
  • found on peanuts/corn crops
    -dangerous to humans/animals
    -carcinogenic/ liver damage
30
Q

Aspergillus produces what

A

aflatoxin

31
Q

Ergot poisoning

A
  • found on grain crops (wheat crops)
  • restricts blood flow
  • causes hallucinogenic symptoms similar to LSD
32
Q

Claviceps Purpurea is causes what

A

ergot poisoning

33
Q

Mycoses (fungal disease)

A

-chronic due to slow growth of fungi

34
Q

What are the 5 groups based on tissue involvement for fungal disease

A

-Superficial
-cutaneous
-subcutaneous
-systemic
-opportunistic

35
Q

Piedra

A
  • occurs at hair shafts (superficial epithelial cells)
  • tropical climates
36
Q

What treatment is used for Piedra

A
  • Shave/ cut hair
  • Miconazole (topical anti-fungal)
37
Q

What does the antibiotic miconazole do

A

disrupts steroid synthesis

38
Q

Cutaneous mycoses

A

-involves the epidermis
-affects the skin, nails, hair

39
Q

Tinea or ringworm infection (cutaneous)

A
  • is a dermatophyte (breaks down keratin)
  • causes dry, scaly, itchy, red periphery
  • transmission = direct contact/ formites
40
Q

Trichopyton, Microsporum, epidermophyton are examples of what

A

microbes that cause tinea (ringworm)

41
Q

Tinea capitis is what

A

ringworm of the skin/scalp

42
Q

Tinea unguium is what

A

ringworm of nails

43
Q

Tinea cruris (jock itch) is what

A

ringworm of groin

44
Q

Tinea pedis (athletes foot) is what

A

ringworm of feet

45
Q

Treatment for tinea

A
  • Miconazole
  • clotrimazole
  • griseofulvin (oral)
  • all disrupt steroid synthesis
46
Q

Subcutaneous mycoses

A
  • under the skin (dermis/hypodermis)
  • caused by saphrocytes (microbes that live under soil/vegetation)
  • mode of entry = open skin wound
47
Q

Sporotrichosis

A
  • most common mycoses in US
  • dimorphic fungi found in plant matter
  • farmers/landscaping workers at risk
48
Q

Sporothrix sp.

A

micorbe that causes sporotrichosis

49
Q

Treatment for sporotrichosis

A

10 % Iodine

50
Q

Systemic myocoses

A

-not transmissible
- affects tissues/organs
- usually affects respiratory tract
-resembles tubercolosis

51
Q

Mode of entry for systemic mycoses

A

inhalation

52
Q

Treatment for systemic mycoses

A

amphotericin or fluconazole

53
Q

Histoplasmosis

A
  • dimorphic fungi
  • affects rt
  • airbourne
54
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum

A

microbe that causes histoplasmosis

55
Q

Blastomycosis

A
  • dimorphic fungi
  • in US
  • affects RT
56
Q

Blastomyces dermatidis

A

microbe that causes Blastomycosis

57
Q

Coccidiodomycoses (san joaquin valley fever)

A
  • spores found in dry alkaline soils of americas
  • endemic
  • subclincial (no symptoms)
58
Q

coccidiodes immitis

A

microbe that causes coccidiodomycoses

59
Q

Cryptococcosis

A
  • dimorphic fungi
  • test by checking cerebral spinal fluid
    -caused by pidgeons feces
    -most common cause of fungal death in US
    -mostly found in urban areas
60
Q

Opportunistic mycoses

A
  • takes advantage of host
    -harmless in most people
    -pathogenic in immunocompromised people
    -system infections can be opportunistic
61
Q

2 types of opportunistic mycoses

A

Aspergillosis / candidiasis or Moniliasis

62
Q

Aspergillosis

A
  • found in soil/ decaying vegetation
  • mode of entry = inhalation
    -causes pulmonary infection
    -mycotoxin production
    -is a conidiospore
    -feeds on external ears
63
Q

Treatment for aspergillosis

A

amphotericin

64
Q

Aspergillus sp.

A

microbe that causes aspergillosis

65
Q

Candidiasis or Moniliasis

A
  • most frequent cause of fungal death in cancer patients
  • affects normal flora
  • can cause vaginal yeast infection / sytsemic infections / thrush
66
Q

Candida albicans

A

microbe that causes candidiasis

67
Q

Treatment for opportunistic mycoses

A

miconazole / clotrimazole / fluconazole (oral) / mycostatin / nystatin

microbiology (15 decks)

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