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Nursing - 115 > Unit 5- The concise way! > Flashcards

Unit 5- The concise way! Flashcards

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1
Q

Sodium - normal range?

A

135-145

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2
Q

Chloride - Normal range?

A

98-110

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3
Q

Calcium - normal range?

A

9-10.4mg/dL or 4.5-5.5 mEq/L.

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4
Q

Potassium - normal range?

A

3.5-5 mEq/L

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5
Q

Phosphate - normal range?

A

2.4-4.7

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6
Q

Magnesium - normal range?

A

1.3-2.1

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7
Q

Fluid volume excess (isotonic) - What happens?

A

ECF is expanded. Edema!

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8
Q

Fluid Volume Excess (isotonic) - Objective data?

A

Edema, pale urine, sudden weight gain, etc.

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9
Q

Fluid volume excess (isotonic) - Subjective data?

A

Weakness, anorexia.

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10
Q

Fluid volume excess (Isotonic) - Nursing Interventions?

A

Monitor VS, teaching about NA intake, monitor, etc.

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11
Q

Fluid Volume excess (hypotonic) - What happens?

A

ICF is expanded. Cells swell!

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12
Q

Fluid Volume excess (hypotonic) - Objective data?

A

Changes in LOC, widened pulse pressure, Na<295.

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13
Q

Fluid Volume excess (hypotonic) - Subjective?

A

Headache!

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14
Q

Fluid Volume excess (hypotonic) - Nursing interventions?

A

Assess risk, monitor, restrict free water, bed in lowest position with side rails up.

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15
Q

Hypertonic Fluid Volume Excess - information about it? Rare or not?

A

Rare - ECF expands and ICF contracts!

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16
Q

Fluid Volume Deficit (Isotonic) - What happens?

A

ECF is contracted - loss of both electrolytes and water. Occurs from abnormal GI loses.

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17
Q

Fluid Volume Deficit (Isotonic) - Objective data?

A

Dry, flaky skin, oliguria, weight loss, weak/rapid pulse, decreased BP, etc.

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18
Q

Fluid Volume Deficit (Isotonic) - Subjective data?

A

Thirst, weakness, N/V, Lethargy, vertigo with orthostatic hypotension.

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19
Q

Fluid Volume Deficit (Hypertonic) - What happens?

A

Same as DEHYDRATION. More water is lost than NA.

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20
Q

Fluid Volume Deficit (Hypertonic) - Objective data?

A

Flushed skin, dry mucous membranes, increased body temp, weight loss, decreased urinary output, etc.

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21
Q

Fluid Volume Deficit (Hypertonic) - Subjective data?

A

Thirst.

22
Q

Fluid Volume Deficit (Hypertonic) - Nursing Interventions?

A

Increase oral intake, give fluids per order, I&O, daily weight, etc.

23
Q

Hypertonic Fluid Volume Deficit - info about it?

A

Rare! Least common! Brain cells swell. Decreased ECF due to excessive loss and imbalance of Na+ and K+. Comes from chronic illness!

24
Q

Sodium - what does it do?

A

Chief cation fro the ECF. Maintains fluid balance and osmotic pressure. Transmission of nerve impulses, acid base balance, etc.

25
Q

What is hypernatremia?

A

Na >145. Caused by excessive intake of Na, hyperaldosteronism, renal insufficiency, cushings, brain injury, diabetes insipidus, etc.

26
Q

Hypernatremia - Assessment findings?

A

restlessness, agitation, weakness, lethargy, seizures, etc.

27
Q

Hypernatremia - Interventions?

A

VS, close monitoring, low NA diet, assess skin and mucous membranes, etc.

28
Q

Hyponatremia - what is it?

A

Sodium <135. Can be caused by N&V, ng suctioning, GI loss, renal loses, adrenal insufficiency, diuretics, SIADH, Psychogenic polydipsia, renal, liver, and heart failure.

29
Q

Hyponatremia - assessment findings?

A

Abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, headache, altered LOC, weakness, tremors, osmolality <285, hypotensions, etc.

30
Q

Hyponatremia - Interventions?

A

VS, I&O daily, assess skin turgor, may restrict fluid intake, keep safe!

31
Q

Calcium - what does it do?

A

Permeability of cell membranes, coagulation, skeletal density/teeth, neuromuscular transmission, contraction, etc.

32
Q

Hypercalcemia - level?

A

Above 10.1 mg/dl. Caused by excessive intake of vitamin D, cancer, excessive milk intake, hyperparathyroidism, immobilization, etc.

33
Q

Hypercalcemia - assessment findings?

A

Muscle weakness, lack of coordination, pruritus, kidney stones, bone pain, cardiac arrest, etc.

34
Q

Hypercelcemia - nursing interventions?

A

ID problem, follow orders, 3-4000 ml fluid/day, keep patient moving to prevent bone leeching, Monitor!

35
Q

Hypocalcemia - what is it?

A

Calcium less than 8.9 mg/dL. Caused by hypoparathyroidism, cancer, vitamin d deficiency, blood transfusions, enema or laxative abuse, etc.

36
Q

Hypocalcemia - assessment findings?

A

Tingling in hands, feet, fingers, mouth, tetany, cramps, etc. Larnygospam!!! Positive Troussea’s (BP cuff) and Chvostek’s sign (face), seizure, mental changes, CA.

37
Q

Hypocalcemia - nursing interventions?

A

Find problem, increase dietary calcium, follow orders, seizure precautions, etc.

38
Q

What does potassium do?

A

Maintains regular heart rhythm, neuromuscular activity, movement, glucose, acid/base balance.

39
Q

Hyperkalemia - what is it?

A

Potassium over 5 - caused by kidney failure, cellular damage, insulin deficiency (insulin is a carrier for K+), addison’s disease, rapid IN infusion of potassium, etc.

40
Q

Hyperkalemia - assessment findings?

A

Anxiety, irritability, neuromuscular weakness, GI hyperactivity, cardiac problems, etc.

41
Q

Hyperkalemia - nursing interventions?

A

Find problem, give meds, Glucose/insulin, monitor closely!

42
Q

Hypokalemia - what is it?

A

Potassium s syndrome/steroid administration, severe stress, hyperaldosteronism, etc.

43
Q

Hypokalemia - assessment findings?

A

Muscle weakness, impaired respiratory muscle function, abdominal distention, urination increase, thirst increase, increased blood glucose levels, etc.

44
Q

Hypokalemia - nursing interventions?

A

Increase potassium levels, monitor, be cautious with diuretics, treat underlying problem, etcl.

45
Q

Magnesium - what does it do?

A

Prevents excessive potassium excrement cardiac function, muscle/nervous tissue, teeth, skeletal mineralization, calcium metabolism, etc.

46
Q

Hypermagnesemia - what is it?

A

Magnesium levels greater than 2.5 - Caused by renal failure, diabetic ketoacidosis, magnesium sulfate therapies, etc.

47
Q

Hypermagnesemia - assessment findings?

A

Hypotension, weakness, depressed reflexes, paralysis, bradycardia, resp. failure, etc.

48
Q

Hypermagnesemia - Nursing Interventions?

A

Correct cause, IV calcium, dialysis, monitor, LOC, etc.

49
Q

Hypomagnesemia - what is it?

A

Magnesium less than 1.5. Caused by impaired intake, impaired intestinal absorption, excessive urinary excretion, etc.

50
Q

Hypomagnesemia - Assessment findings?

A

Tremors, cramps, difficulty swallowing, CV changes, tachycardia.

51
Q

Hypomagnesemia - Nursing interventions?

A

Id problem, encourage intake of magnesium rich foods, mental status, ASSESS EVERYTHING!

Nursing - 115 (35 decks)

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