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Nursing - 115 > Fluids & Electrolytes - Part 1 - Unit 5 > Flashcards

Fluids & Electrolytes - Part 1 - Unit 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

Body fluids & electrolytes are essential for ___ ____.

A

Body functioning.

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2
Q

The body is constantly striving to maintain the proper balance of __ & ___.

A

Fluids and electrolytes.

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3
Q

There is a broad or narrow spectrum for the electrolytes? As in, a lot (or a little?) can change before a problem occurs?

A

A little! There is a very small range.

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4
Q

Functions of Body Fluid - what are some of them?

A

Medium for transport & exchange of nutrients/other substances, medium for metabolic reactions, solvent, provides structure, provides insulation, etc.

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5
Q

Major constituent of body fluid is ____.

A

Water.

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6
Q

% of body fluid varies with age, body fat, sex. Examples?

A

Proportion of fluid decreases with age, body fat means less fluid, etc.

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7
Q

Who will have more body fluid - a fat man or a skinny man?

A

The thin man will have more body fluid!

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8
Q

Newborns - __ to __ % of their body is fluid.

A

70%-80%

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9
Q

__% of fluid is inside the cell.

A

%75

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10
Q

Intracellular fluid - def

A

In the vessels!

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11
Q

Interstitial Fluid - def

A

Between the cells.

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12
Q

Extracellular Fluid - def

A

fluid that is around the heart, lungs, stomach, etc.

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13
Q

What is first spacing?

A

Normal body fluids. Everything is fine - 75%in, 25% out.

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14
Q

What is second spacing?

A

Higher amount of fluid - like edema!

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15
Q

What is third spacing?

A

Fluid in a place where it shouldn’t be. Think ascites, pulmonary edema, Heart Failure, etc.

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16
Q

Edema - what is the scale?

A

1+ - 2mm
2+ - 4mm
3+ - 6mm
4+ - 8mm

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17
Q

What is an example of non-pitting edema?

A

Lymphedema

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18
Q

What are some causes of edema?

A

Increased capillary permeability, increased capillary osmotic pressure, increased hydrostatic pressure, lymphatic obstruction.

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19
Q

Capillary Permeability - info?

A

Think of this as when the capillaries become damaged - they can leak!

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20
Q

Hydrostatic Pressure - pressure of what?

A

Pressure of fluid!

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21
Q

Lymphatic Obstruction - what could this be common in?

A

Mastectomy!

22
Q

Fluid Amounts - Adult Male (say 154 pounds) -
__% water.
Total body fluid = __ liters.
Intracellular = __ liters, or __% of TBW.
Extracellular = ___ liters, or __% of TBW.

A

60% water.

Total Body Fluid = 40 liters.
Intracellular = 25 liters (40% of Total Body Water)
Extracellular = 15 liters, (2-% of TBW.)

23
Q

Intake & Output - Normally intake = ??

A

Output!

24
Q

We measure what would become liquid - like a Popsicle, ice cream, etc. T/F?

A

True!

25
Q

Fluids are measured in __ and recorded daily (a 24hr/day scenario) in the medical record.

A

ML.

26
Q

A nurse cannot write an order for I&O. T/F?

A

False - a nurse can!

27
Q

What are some types of measured intake?

A

Oral fluids, floods that become fluid at room temp (jello, ice cream, etc.), tube feedings, IV fluids, irrigations (wound & NG), etc.

28
Q

What are some types of measured output?

A

Urine, Vomitus, liquid feces, drainage (gastric, wound drainage), suctioning.

29
Q

Why should we maintain an I&O record?

A

TO assess fluid balance, to ensure adequate fluid intake, to ensure a restricted fluid intake, to determine voiding patterns & urinary frequency, to assess effectiveness of medications/therapies.

30
Q

When is an I&O Commonly ordered?

A

Post-op, NPO/Receiving Fluids, urinary catheter, special drainage or suctioning, receiving diuretics, have excessive fluid losses & need for increased fluid, have fluid retention & require restrictions.

31
Q

Body Fluids contain substances such as:

A

Salts, oxygen from the lungs, dissolved nutrients from the GI tract (glucose, fatty acids & amino acids), Waste products for metabolism (Carbon Dioxide is most abundant), Electrolytes.

32
Q

What are some manifestations of F/E Imbalance?

A

Imbalance of intake and output and body weight, changes in mental status, changes in Vital Signs, Abnormal tissue hydration, abnormal muscle tone or sensation.

33
Q

If a patient doesn’t have at least ___ mL every hour of output, we should become worried.

A

30 mL.

34
Q 
Edema Causes -
Hypertensive Woman =
Patient with extensive Burns = 
Malnourished Elderly Man =
Woman post-operative mastectomy =
A

Hydrostatic.
Capillary.
Osmotic/Oncotic.
Lymphatic.

35
Q

What are Electrolytes?

A

Chemical substances within body fluids that are vital to life. They break into one or more electrically charged particles when in solution. The concentration differs.

36
Q

Anions and Cations - describe charge of each.

A 
Anions = Negative. 
Cations = Positive.
37
Q

Sodium = describe it. Normal Values?

A

Water balance and neuromuscular membrane. CATION.

135-145 meq/L

38
Q

Potassium = describe it (critical for..) Normal Values?

A

Critical for electrical conduction of nerve impulses, particularly cardiac electrical conduction. CATION. 3.5-5 meq/L.

39
Q

Calcium - Required for…Normal values?

A

normal skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle contraction. Also needed for blood clotting. 9-10.5 mg/dL/4.5-5.5 meq/L. CATION.

40
Q

Phosphorus - needed for?? Normal values?

A

Needed for cellular energy formation and regulation. 2.4-4.7 mg/dL. ANION.

41
Q

Magnesium - Needed for…normal values?

A

Needed to prevent overexcitability of muscles. 1.3-2.1 meq/L.

42
Q

Chloride - maintains ?? Normal values?

A

Maintains electroneurality with sodium. 98-110

43
Q

Bicarb - normal values?

A

22-28 meq/L

44
Q

Electrolytes - typically measured in…

A

mEq/L

45
Q

Very few disease processes reflect a single, abnormal value in a blood chemistry test. T/F?

A

False - that is why “panels/profiles” are run.

46
Q

What are the 3 major extracellular electrolytes?

A

Sodium, Chloride, Calcium.

47
Q

What are the three major intracellular electrolytes?

A

Potassium, Phosphate, Magnesium.

48
Q

What are the 5 processes by which fluids and electrolytes move?

A

Diffusion, Osmosis and osmotic pressure, Active Transport, Hydrostatic Pressure, Oncotic Pressure

49
Q

Active Transport - only mode of transport that requires energy. T/F?

A

True!

50
Q

Diffusion - def

A

molecules move across semi-permeable membrane from more concentrated to more dilute.

Nursing - 115 (35 decks)

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