Rest & Sleep - Unit 6

Question 1

Rest - implies…

Answer 1

calmness, relaxation without emotional stress, and freedom from anxiety. Doesn’t mean a lack of activity!

Question 2

Sleep - def

Answer 2

a state of consciousness (not unconsciousness) in which the individual’s perception and reaction to the environment are decreased.

Question 3

What are some characteristics of sleep?

Answer 3

Minimal physical activity, variable levels of consciousness, changes in the body’s physiologic processes, decreased responsiveness to external stimuli.

Question 4

Wakefulness/Sleep - controlled by…

Answer 4

Reticular Activating System (RAS). When asleep, RAS isn’t stimulated much.

Question 5

Wakefulness - begins when ___ activated from cerebral cortex/sense organs and cells.

Answer 5

RAS.

Question 6

Sleep - begins when cells of ___ lost their excitability to the neurotransmitters.

Answer 6

RAS

Question 7

What does GABA do?

Answer 7

helps us go to sleep. Gama Amino Buterin Acid

Question 8

Circadian Rhythms - what is it?

Answer 8

Biological Clock - synchronized to environmental factors that are about 24 hours in length. Starts about 3 weeks after birth.

Question 9

SCN - What is it?

Answer 9

Suer Cyasmatic Nucleus

Question 10

What’s the control center in the brain for sleep?

Answer 10

Hypothalamus

Question 11

NREM Sleep - __-wave sleep, about __-__% of total sleep.

Answer 11

Slow wave, about 75-80%.

Question 12

REM Sleep - ___ sleep, about ___-___ % of total sleep time.

Answer 12

Paradoxical, 20-25%.

Question 13

Presleep - what is it?

Answer 13

Routine sleep pattern begins with a presleep period (10-30 minutes).

Question 14

NREM - Stage 1 - what happens here?

Answer 14

Approximately 5% of total sleep time, lasts just a few minutes, very slight vital sign decrease, muscle slightly relaxed, dreaming isn’t usually present, eye movement slow and rolling.

Question 15

What is a hypnogogic experience?

Answer 15

Feeling like falling, etc..when you are awake but not!

Question 16

NREM - Stage 2 - What happens here?

Answer 16

50-55% of total sleep time, lasts approximately 10-15 minutes, easy to arouse, slight decrease in vitals, muscles slightly relaxed, eye movements slow and rolling.

Question 17

NREM - Stage 3 - What happens here?

Answer 17

10% of total sleep time, lasts approximately 15-30 minutes, less easily aroused, moderate decrease in vitals, muscles moderately relaxed, growth hormone secreted, eye movements slow and rolling.

Question 18

NREM - Stage 4 - What happens here?

Answer 18

10% of total sleep time, lasts approximately 15-30 minutes, difficult to arouse, significant decrease of vitals/muscle ton, growth hormone secreted, eye movement slow and rolling.

Question 19

In what stage are dreams very vivid and real?

Answer 19

NREM - Stage 4

Question 20

REM Sleep - what is it?

Answer 20

20-25% of total sleep time. Lasts 5-30 minutes, with an average of 20 minutes. Increases with each cycle. Very difficult to arouse, with and increased and fluctuating HR, BP, etc. Brain repair happens here!

Question 21

REM Dreams - bizarre, emotionally charged, etc. T/F?

Answer 21

True!

Question 22

REM - What is eye movement like?

Answer 22

It darts back and forth and is very rapid! (I know, shocking!)

Question 23

Sleep Cycle - lasts about __ to ___ minutes.

Answer 23

60-120 - average is about 90.

Question 24

Once asleep, we pass through about - complete sleep cycles (6-8 hours).

Answer 24

4-6

Question 25

Sleep Cycle - what’s the order it goes in?

Answer 25

Presleep –> NREM Stage 1 –> NREM Stage 2 –> NREM Stage 3 –> NREM Stage 4 –> NREM Stage 3 –> NREM Stage 2 –> REM (Repeat)

Question 26

If you wake up in the middle of your sleep cycle, you just continue from that point. T/F?

Answer 26

False! You start over!

Question 27

What are some functions of sleep?

Answer 27

Restorative, protective, psychologic, humoral (removes hypnotoxins.)

Question 28

Sleep requirements - varies among individuals and gradually decreases as we get older. T/F?

Answer 28

True!

Question 29

Sundowning - can’t tell difference between ___ and ___.

Answer 29

REM & Reality.

Question 30

How can narcotics and hypnotics affect sleep?

Answer 30

They suppress REM.

Question 31

Insomnia - what is it?

Answer 31

Subjective perception of chronic inability to obtain an adequate amount or quality of sleep.

Question 32

What are the 3 types of insomnia?

Answer 32

Initial - have trouble falling asleep.
Intermittent or maintenance - difficulty staying asleep.
Terminal - early or premature wakening.

Question 33

What are some causes of insomnia?

Answer 33

Physical, psychological, environmental.

Question 34

Hypersomnia - def

Answer 34

excessive sleep or periods of long sleep, particularly in the daytime. Can be caused by diabetes, hyperthyroidism, inability to cope, hypothalamus damage.

Question 35

Narcolepsy - def

Answer 35

Sudden wave of overwhelming sleepiness that occurs several times a day at any time, called narcoleptic attacks, even though the person sleeps well at night. Cause is unknown, but avoid substances that cause sleepiness, take naps, and CNS stimulants.

Question 36

Parasomnia - a cluster of __ ___ that may interfere with sleep.

Answer 36

waking behaviors.

Question 37

Somnambulism - what is it?

Answer 37

Sleep walking.

Question 38

Enuresis - what is it?

Answer 38

Wetting the bed.

Question 39

Sleep talking - what is it?

Answer 39

Talking in your sleep.

Question 40

Nocturnal erections - what are they?

Answer 40

Thinking of Brad Pitt during your sleep.

Question 41

What is bruxism?

Answer 41

Clenching and biting teeth.

Question 42

Obstructive Sleep Apnea - def

Answer 42

periodic cessation of breathing during sleep as result of obstruction, as caused by obesity, atypical jaw structure, deviated nasal septum, nasal polyps, enlarged tonsils.

Question 43

Apneic periods - lasts for how long?

Answer 43

10seconds to 2 minutes.

Question 44

What are some treatments of Obstructive Sleep Apnea?

Answer 44

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP), surgical reconstruction, laser assisted pharyngoplasty, etc.

Question 45

What is central sleep apnea?

Answer 45

Periodic cessation of breathing during sleep as a result of neurologic failure of the respiratory center in the brainstem to trigger respiration, as caused by brainstem injuries, muscular dystrophy, encephalitis, etc.

Question 46

Can there be a combination of Obstructive and Central Sleep Apnea?

Answer 46

Yes!

Question 47

What are some consequences of sleep apnea?

Answer 47

Frequent nocturnal awakenings, insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness, morning headaches, irritability, etc.

Question 48

What’s some assessment data regarding sleep?

Answer 48

Usual sleeping pattern, bedtime rituals, use of medications, sleep environment, recent changes in sleep patterns, etc.

Question 49

Planning for sleep disturbances - major goal is to …maintain sleeping pattern, demonstrate self care behaviors, etc. T/F?

Answer 49

True!

Question 50

What are some nursing interventions?

Answer 50

Reduce bright lighting, reduce environmental issues, reduce procedural noises, reduce staff noises, etc.