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Nursing - 115 > Medical/Surgical Asepsis - Unit 1 > Flashcards

Medical/Surgical Asepsis - Unit 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Medical Asepsis/Clean Technique - practices that…

A

practices that reduce/limit the number, growth, and direct or indirect transfer of disease producing microorganisms.

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2
Q

Surgical Asepsis/Sterile Technique - measures that..

A

render & maintain objects free from ALL microorganisms including spores.

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3
Q

Clean - def

A

denotes the presence of some microorganisms, but the absence of potentially infectious agents.

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4
Q

Dirty - def

A

soiled/contaminated - denotes the likely presence of microorganisms that are capable of causing disease.

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5
Q

Pathogen - def

A

disease causing microorganism.

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6
Q

Infection - def

A

Infiltration/invasion of an area by a pathogen.

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7
Q

Nosocomial Infection - def

A

Hospital acquired infection.

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8
Q

What are the top 6 nosocomial infections?

A
  1. UTI
  2. Surgical Wound Infection
  3. Nosocomial Pneumonia
  4. Bacterionemia - Bacteria in the blood.
  5. Burn wound infection
  6. Enterig Infection = food or water born.
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9
Q

UTI - If a patient has a foley catheter, there’s a ___ % chance they will get a UTI.

A

100%!!!!!

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10
Q

For an infection to occur, there must be an interaction between…

A

a susceptible host & an infection agent is required.

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11
Q

What are the six links in chain of infection?

A
  1. Microorganism/infectious agent.
  2. Reservoir - Source of infectious agent.
  3. Portal of exit - way infectious agent leaves the reservoir.
  4. Mode of transmission - route by which infectious agent is transmitted.
  5. Portal of entry - method by which infectious agent enters the body (susceptible host.)
  6. Susceptible Host - Person who is at risk for an infection.
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12
Q

What is the goal of medical/surgical asepsis/infection control?

A

Break chain of infection! Intervention to break chain can occur at any link.

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13
Q

Any microorganism is potentially pathogenic (potential to cause disease in susceptible house.) T/F?

A

True!

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14
Q

Extent of capability to produce infectious process depends on….

A

of microorganisms present, virulence (ability to cause infection), ability of organism to enter body, susceptibility of host (how good the immune system is, etc.)

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15
Q

Normal flora - these are microorganisms that…

A

normally inhabit a body site.

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16
Q

Normal flora - E. Coli is fine in the intestines, but what happens if it ends up in the urinary tract?

A

It could cause an infection!

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17
Q

Organisms that are normal flora & do not cause infection in a person who is healthy may cause infection in a person whose…

A

immune defenses are compromised.

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18
Q

Reservoir - def

A

any habitat of the organism - place where it can grow and reproduce, etc.

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19
Q

Sources of reservoirs?

A

Humans (self and others), plants, animals, ticks, water supplies, uncooked poultry, etc.

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20
Q

Carrier - def

A

carry disease producing organisms in body, but are not ill themselves..like Typhoid Mary!

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21
Q

What are the 4 types of carriers?

A
  1. Chronic - long time.
  2. Intermittent - can shed organisms at intervals. (S. aureus in nose.)
  3. Transient Carriage - like e coli on fingers.
  4. Resident Flora - (S. Aureus in nose.)
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22
Q

How do we break the chain between the infectious agent and the reservoir?

A

Sterilization, antibiotics/antimicrobials, handwashing (#1 way of eliminating an infection!)

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23
Q

What are some portal of exits? Example - respiratory tract -

A

Nose and mouth!

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24
Q

Breaking the chain between the reservoir and the exit from the reservoir - how to?

A

Personal Hygiene, Dressing changes, disposal of fluid canisters, changing soiled linen…

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25
Q

Mode Of transmission - what are the 4?

A

Contact, Vehicle Transmission, Airborne, Vector-borne.

26
Q

Contact Transmission - most frequent. T/F?

A

True!

27
Q

Vehicle transmission - could be from a ..

A

stethoscope! It’s being helped by something!

28
Q

Airborne Transmission - is in the..

A

air!!

29
Q

Droplet is similar to airborne, except…

A

droplet is much bigger!

30
Q

Vector-Borne Transmission - non-human carrier. T/F?

A

True!

31
Q

Breaking the chain between the exit from the reservoir and the means of transmission…how?

A

Dry, intact dressing/cover mouth and nose when sneezing, handwashing, gloves if contact with body fluids.

32
Q

Portal of Entry - means by which…

A

infectious agent enters the body.

33
Q

Breaking The Chain between the means of transmission and the portals of entry - how?

A

Handwashing, refrigeration, wearing gloves, masks, gowns, goggles, proper disposal of contaminated objects, etc.

34
Q

Susceptible Host - def

A

Anyone at risk for infection, like someone with lowered resistance, or who may be compromised because of drugs or treatments or illness or something.

35
Q

What are some factors that affect susceptibility of host?

A

Immune responses decrease with age, stress increases immune response, etc.

36
Q

Breaking the chain between the portals of entry and susceptible host - how?

A

Sterile technique, proper disposal of sharps/needles, etc.

37
Q

Breaking the chain - between the susceptible host and infectious agent - how?

A

Immunization, exercise, adequate nutrition, etc. skin integrity…

38
Q

As a nurse, you don’t need to wash your hands..T/F?

A

FALSE FALSE FALSE!!!

39
Q

Other precautions…

A

wash hands, and be careful!

40
Q

Isolation - def

A

The separation of infected sources from others to prevent or limit direct or indirect transmission of the infectious agent.

41
Q

What are the two levels of precautions?

A

Standard and Transmission-Based Precautions

42
Q

Transmission Based Precautions include…

A

Airborne, Droplet, and Contact.

43
Q

Airborne Precautions – Room - info? What do you wear?

A

Private room with negative air pressure, you wear masks/respiratory protection, and use with TB, varicella, rubeola, and possibly SARS.

44
Q

What happens for Droplet Precautions?

A

Private room, wear mask WITHIN 3 FEET of patient, transport patient with mask, use with rubella, mumps, diphtheria and adenovirus (common respiratory virus.)

45
Q

Contact Precautions - private room, if available, and…

A

wear gloves, may need gown if contact with infectious agent is possible, used for microorganisms spread by direct or indirect contact, for…MRSA, VRE

46
Q

Reverse Precautions - used when patient is not very sick. T/F?

A

FALSE - this is used when patients are very susceptible.

47
Q

What are Infectious Process Stages? (4)

A
  1. Incubation
  2. Prodromal
  3. Full Stage
  4. Convalescence
48
Q

Infectious Process Stages? - Incubation - time between…

A

entry and onset of symptoms. (1-2 days.)

49
Q

Infectious Process Stages - Prodromal - Time between..

A

non-specific and specific Signs and Symptoms of infection - like, “I feel pooped! I don’t feel well!”

50
Q

Infectious Process Stages - Full Stage - Signs and symptoms…

A

specific to type of infection manifest.

51
Q

Infectious Process Stages - Convalesence - Time when…

A

acute signs and symptoms of infections disappear (and then go back to normal!)

52
Q

Localized infection involves…

A

single body area, causes inflammation, pain/tenderness at site, etc.

53
Q

Systemic Infection - infection spreads to…

A

other body systems, and there will be a fever, increased pulse and respirations, lassitude (exhaustion), etc.

54
Q

Septicemia - Pathogens in…

A

circulating blood.

55
Q

Increased WBC (4,500 - 11,000/cu mm) =….

A

Infection!

56
Q

Differential - Neutrophils = elevated means..

A

Acute Bacterial Infection, or increased in response to stress.

57
Q

Differential - Lymphocytes - elevated means..

A

Chronic bacterial or viral infection.

58
Q

Differential - Monocytes - elevated means..

A

Increased in severe infections.

59
Q

Differential - Eosinophils - elevated means…

A

Allergic reaction!

60
Q

Differential - Basophils - elevated means..

A

viral infections, leukemia and other bone marrow problems.

61
Q

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate - ESR - is…

A

inflammatory process is happening! could be rheumatoid arthritis…

62
Q

What are some positive cultures?

A

Urine, blood, sputum, etc.

Nursing - 115 (35 decks)

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