Unit 5 Heart Flashcards
Thoracic Compartments
- Superior mediastinum
- Middle mediastinum
- Anterior mediastinum
- Posterior mediastinum
- Pleural cavities (left & right)
Middle Mediastinum
- Heart
- Pericardium
- Great vessel roots
Great Vessel Roots
- Superior vena cava
- Ascending aorta
- Pulmonary trunk
Pleural Cavities
- Lungs
- Pleura
- Hilum
Hilum
- Connection of heart & lungs
- Pulmonary arteries & veins
- Primary bronchi
Mediastinum Division
- Thoracic inlet (manubrium, 1st rib, T1)
- Sternal angle to T4 base
- Diaphragm
Superior Mediastinum Contents
- Superior vena cava
- Brachiocephalic veins
- Aortic arch & branches
- Trachea
- Esophagus
Aortic Arch Branches
- Brachiocephalic artery
- Left carotid
- Left subclavian
Posterior Mediastinum
- Descending thoracic aorta
- Esophagus continuation
- Vagus nerve (thorax & abdomen innervation)
- Sympathetic trunk
Anterior Mediastinum
- Connective tissue
- Thymus gland (before puberty)
Heart Halves
- Left, thick walls
- Right, thin walls
Heart Chambers
- Atria (left & right)
- Ventricle (left & right)
Heart Valves
- Semilunar x2
- Atrioventricular x2
Semilunar Valves
- Blood travel from ventricles into circulation
- Pulmonary (to lungs)
- Systemic (to body)
Atrioventricular Valves
- Blood travel from atrium to ventricles
Coronary Blood Supply
- Heart muscle
Right Atrium
- Receive deoxygenated blood from body
Right Atrium Entrance
- Superior/inferior vena cava
- Coronary sinus
- Anterior cardiac veins
Right Ventricle
- Collect blood from atrium
- Allow blood to travel to lungs
- Through pulmonary semilunar valve
- Pulmonary circulation
Left Atrium
- Receive blood from lungs
Left Atrium Entrance
- Pulmonary veins
Atrium Function
- First part of heart to contract
- Push blood into ventricles
- Via atrioventricular valves
Left Ventricle
- Receive blood from left atrium
- Sends blood to body via aortic semilunar valve
- Systemic circulation
- Thickest walls
Interventricular Sulcus
- Fat filled groove
- Anterior side of heart
- Between left & right ventricles
- Vessel pathway
Cardiac Apex
- Bottom of interventricular sulcus
- Between left & right ventricles
Pulmonary Trunk
- Single vessel
- Off of right ventricle
- Divide to form left & right pulmonary arteries
Pulmonary Veins
- Blood from lungs to heart
- Feed into left atrium
Aortic Arch
- Blood leaves left ventricle
- Into systemic circulation
Fossa Ovale
- Fetal circulation
- Hole in interatrial septum
- Allows blood to move from left & right sides of heart
- Without moving through lungs
Auricle
- Formed from pectinate muscle
- Allows contraction
Posterior Wall
- Smooth wall
- Derived from vasculature
Terminal Crest
- Boarder between smooth & muscular walls
Interventricular Septum
- Muscular division between ventricles
- Coordinated contraction
- Neural fibers
Ligamentum Arteriosum
- Between aorta & pulmonary trunk
- Remnant of fetal circulation
Trabeculae Carnae
- Strong muscle within ventricles
Papillary Muscles
- Projections of trabeculae carnae
- Anchor AV valves
Chordae Tendonae
- Fibers on AV valves
- Tether valves
- Prevent backflow of blood
- Attach into papillary muscles
AV Valve Function
- Move blood from atrium to ventricle
Semilunar Valve Function
- Hold blood to prevent back flow
- Move blood from ventricle to pulmonary trunk/aorta
Aortic Semilunar Valve
- Openings leading to coronary arteries
Great Vessels Systemic Circulation
- Aorta (ascending, arch, descending)
- Superior & inferior vena cava
Ascending Aorta Supply
- Coronary arteries
Descending Aorta Supply
- Thoracic & abdominal branches
Heart Failure
- Heart muscle doesn’t pump properly
- Decreased oxygen & nutrient delivery
- Left & right sided
Heart Failure Symptoms
- Shortness of breath
- Fatigue
- Coughing
Left Sided Failure
- Systemic impairment
- Weak muscle/improper ventricle refilling
- Too little blood to body
Right Sided Failure
- Caused by left sided failure
- Fluid backs up through lungs
Pericardium
- Three layered sack
- Houses heart
- Contains serous fluid for lubrication
- Continuous with central tendon of diaphragm
Serous Pericardium
- Inside fibrous layer
- Parietal (outside) layer
- Visceral (inside) layer (epicardium)
Fibrous Pericardium
- Outside, toughest layer
- Fuses into greater vessels
Coronary Arteries
- Supply myocardium
Right Coronary Artery
- Right marginal
- Posterior interventricular
- Branches to SA & AV nodes
Left Coronary Artery
- Anterior interventricular
- Circumflex artery
Anterior Interventricular
- Interventricular sulcus
- Anastomose
Circumflex Artery
- Around left side
- Left marginal artery
Venous Blood Collecting
- Coronary sinus
- Posterior aspect
Vessels of Coronary Sinus
- Great cardiac vein
- Left posterior ventricular vein
- Left marginal vein
- Middle cardiac vein
- Small cardiac vein
- Anterior cardiac veins
Coronary Sinus Drainage
- Right atrium
Myocardial Infraction
- Disruption to coronary blood flow
- Caused by atherosclerosis
Signs of Myocardial Infraction
- Chest discomfort
- Burning/heaviness
- Nausea
- Shortness of breath
- Upper body discomfort
- Light headedness
Atherosclerosis
- Narrowing of lumen of blood vessel
- Due to plaque deposits on vessel wall
Angina
- Temporary disruption of blood flow
