Unit 5 Heart Flashcards
1
Q
Thoracic Compartments
A
- Superior mediastinum
- Middle mediastinum
- Anterior mediastinum
- Posterior mediastinum
- Pleural cavities (left & right)
2
Q
Middle Mediastinum
A
- Heart
- Pericardium
- Great vessel roots
3
Q
Great Vessel Roots
A
- Superior vena cava
- Ascending aorta
- Pulmonary trunk
4
Q
Pleural Cavities
A
- Lungs
- Pleura
- Hilum
5
Q
Hilum
A
- Connection of heart & lungs
- Pulmonary arteries & veins
- Primary bronchi
6
Q
Mediastinum Division
A
- Thoracic inlet (manubrium, 1st rib, T1)
- Sternal angle to T4 base
- Diaphragm
7
Q
Superior Mediastinum Contents
A
- Superior vena cava
- Brachiocephalic veins
- Aortic arch & branches
- Trachea
- Esophagus
8
Q
Aortic Arch Branches
A
- Brachiocephalic artery
- Left carotid
- Left subclavian
9
Q
Posterior Mediastinum
A
- Descending thoracic aorta
- Esophagus continuation
- Vagus nerve (thorax & abdomen innervation)
- Sympathetic trunk
10
Q
Anterior Mediastinum
A
- Connective tissue
- Thymus gland (before puberty)
11
Q
Heart Halves
A
- Left, thick walls
- Right, thin walls
12
Q
Heart Chambers
A
- Atria (left & right)
- Ventricle (left & right)
13
Q
Heart Valves
A
- Semilunar x2
- Atrioventricular x2
14
Q
Semilunar Valves
A
- Blood travel from ventricles into circulation
- Pulmonary (to lungs)
- Systemic (to body)
15
Q
Atrioventricular Valves
A
- Blood travel from atrium to ventricles
16
Q
Coronary Blood Supply
A
- Heart muscle
17
Q
Right Atrium
A
- Receive deoxygenated blood from body
18
Q
Right Atrium Entrance
A
- Superior/inferior vena cava
- Coronary sinus
- Anterior cardiac veins
19
Q
Right Ventricle
A
- Collect blood from atrium
- Allow blood to travel to lungs
- Through pulmonary semilunar valve
- Pulmonary circulation
20
Q
Left Atrium
A
- Receive blood from lungs
21
Q
Left Atrium Entrance
A
- Pulmonary veins
22
Q
Atrium Function
A
- First part of heart to contract
- Push blood into ventricles
- Via atrioventricular valves
23
Q
Left Ventricle
A
- Receive blood from left atrium
- Sends blood to body via aortic semilunar valve
- Systemic circulation
- Thickest walls
24
Q
Interventricular Sulcus
A
- Fat filled groove
- Anterior side of heart
- Between left & right ventricles
- Vessel pathway
25
Cardiac Apex
- Bottom of interventricular sulcus
- Between left & right ventricles
26
Pulmonary Trunk
- Single vessel
- Off of right ventricle
- Divide to form left & right pulmonary arteries
27
Pulmonary Veins
- Blood from lungs to heart
- Feed into left atrium
28
Aortic Arch
- Blood leaves left ventricle
- Into systemic circulation
29
Fossa Ovale
- Fetal circulation
- Hole in interatrial septum
- Allows blood to move from left & right sides of heart
- Without moving through lungs
30
Auricle
- Formed from pectinate muscle
- Allows contraction
31
Posterior Wall
- Smooth wall
- Derived from vasculature
32
Terminal Crest
- Boarder between smooth & muscular walls
33
Interventricular Septum
- Muscular division between ventricles
- Coordinated contraction
- Neural fibers
34
Ligamentum Arteriosum
- Between aorta & pulmonary trunk
- Remnant of fetal circulation
35
Trabeculae Carnae
- Strong muscle within ventricles
36
Papillary Muscles
- Projections of trabeculae carnae
- Anchor AV valves
37
Chordae Tendonae
- Fibers on AV valves
- Tether valves
- Prevent backflow of blood
- Attach into papillary muscles
38
AV Valve Function
- Move blood from atrium to ventricle
39
Semilunar Valve Function
- Hold blood to prevent back flow
- Move blood from ventricle to pulmonary trunk/aorta
40
Aortic Semilunar Valve
- Openings leading to coronary arteries
41
Great Vessels Systemic Circulation
- Aorta (ascending, arch, descending)
- Superior & inferior vena cava
42
Ascending Aorta Supply
- Coronary arteries
43
Descending Aorta Supply
- Thoracic & abdominal branches
44
Heart Failure
- Heart muscle doesn't pump properly
- Decreased oxygen & nutrient delivery
- Left & right sided
45
Heart Failure Symptoms
- Shortness of breath
- Fatigue
- Coughing
46
Left Sided Failure
- Systemic impairment
- Weak muscle/improper ventricle refilling
- Too little blood to body
47
Right Sided Failure
- Caused by left sided failure
- Fluid backs up through lungs
48
Pericardium
- Three layered sack
- Houses heart
- Contains serous fluid for lubrication
- Continuous with central tendon of diaphragm
49
Serous Pericardium
- Inside fibrous layer
- Parietal (outside) layer
- Visceral (inside) layer (epicardium)
50
Fibrous Pericardium
- Outside, toughest layer
- Fuses into greater vessels
51
Coronary Arteries
- Supply myocardium
52
Right Coronary Artery
- Right marginal
- Posterior interventricular
- Branches to SA & AV nodes
53
Left Coronary Artery
- Anterior interventricular
- Circumflex artery
54
Anterior Interventricular
- Interventricular sulcus
- Anastomose
55
Circumflex Artery
- Around left side
- Left marginal artery
56
Venous Blood Collecting
- Coronary sinus
- Posterior aspect
57
Vessels of Coronary Sinus
- Great cardiac vein
- Left posterior ventricular vein
- Left marginal vein
- Middle cardiac vein
- Small cardiac vein
- Anterior cardiac veins
58
Coronary Sinus Drainage
- Right atrium
59
Myocardial Infraction
- Disruption to coronary blood flow
- Caused by atherosclerosis
60
Signs of Myocardial Infraction
- Chest discomfort
- Burning/heaviness
- Nausea
- Shortness of breath
- Upper body discomfort
- Light headedness
61
Atherosclerosis
- Narrowing of lumen of blood vessel
- Due to plaque deposits on vessel wall
62
Angina
- Temporary disruption of blood flow
