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1330/2222 Human Anatomy > Unit 5 Heart > Flashcards

Unit 5 Heart Flashcards

1
Q

Thoracic Compartments

A
  • Superior mediastinum
  • Middle mediastinum
  • Anterior mediastinum
  • Posterior mediastinum
  • Pleural cavities (left & right)
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2
Q

Middle Mediastinum

A
  • Heart
  • Pericardium
  • Great vessel roots
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3
Q

Great Vessel Roots

A
  • Superior vena cava
  • Ascending aorta
  • Pulmonary trunk
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4
Q

Pleural Cavities

A
  • Lungs
  • Pleura
  • Hilum
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5
Q

Hilum

A
  • Connection of heart & lungs
  • Pulmonary arteries & veins
  • Primary bronchi
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6
Q

Mediastinum Division

A
  • Thoracic inlet (manubrium, 1st rib, T1)
  • Sternal angle to T4 base
  • Diaphragm
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7
Q

Superior Mediastinum Contents

A
  • Superior vena cava
  • Brachiocephalic veins
  • Aortic arch & branches
  • Trachea
  • Esophagus
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8
Q

Aortic Arch Branches

A
  • Brachiocephalic artery
  • Left carotid
  • Left subclavian
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9
Q

Posterior Mediastinum

A
  • Descending thoracic aorta
  • Esophagus continuation
  • Vagus nerve (thorax & abdomen innervation)
  • Sympathetic trunk
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10
Q

Anterior Mediastinum

A
  • Connective tissue
  • Thymus gland (before puberty)
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11
Q

Heart Halves

A
  • Left, thick walls
  • Right, thin walls
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12
Q

Heart Chambers

A
  • Atria (left & right)
  • Ventricle (left & right)
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13
Q

Heart Valves

A
  • Semilunar x2
  • Atrioventricular x2
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14
Q

Semilunar Valves

A
  • Blood travel from ventricles into circulation
  • Pulmonary (to lungs)
  • Systemic (to body)
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15
Q

Atrioventricular Valves

A
  • Blood travel from atrium to ventricles
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16
Q

Coronary Blood Supply

A
  • Heart muscle
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17
Q

Right Atrium

A
  • Receive deoxygenated blood from body
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18
Q

Right Atrium Entrance

A
  • Superior/inferior vena cava
  • Coronary sinus
  • Anterior cardiac veins
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19
Q

Right Ventricle

A
  • Collect blood from atrium
  • Allow blood to travel to lungs
  • Through pulmonary semilunar valve
  • Pulmonary circulation
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20
Q

Left Atrium

A
  • Receive blood from lungs
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21
Q

Left Atrium Entrance

A
  • Pulmonary veins
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22
Q

Atrium Function

A
  • First part of heart to contract
  • Push blood into ventricles
  • Via atrioventricular valves
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23
Q

Left Ventricle

A
  • Receive blood from left atrium
  • Sends blood to body via aortic semilunar valve
  • Systemic circulation
  • Thickest walls
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24
Q

Interventricular Sulcus

A
  • Fat filled groove
  • Anterior side of heart
  • Between left & right ventricles
  • Vessel pathway
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25
Q

Cardiac Apex

A
  • Bottom of interventricular sulcus
  • Between left & right ventricles
26
Q

Pulmonary Trunk

A
  • Single vessel
  • Off of right ventricle
  • Divide to form left & right pulmonary arteries
27
Q

Pulmonary Veins

A
  • Blood from lungs to heart
  • Feed into left atrium
28
Q

Aortic Arch

A
  • Blood leaves left ventricle
  • Into systemic circulation
29
Q

Fossa Ovale

A
  • Fetal circulation
  • Hole in interatrial septum
  • Allows blood to move from left & right sides of heart
  • Without moving through lungs
30
Q

Auricle

A
  • Formed from pectinate muscle
  • Allows contraction
31
Q

Posterior Wall

A
  • Smooth wall
  • Derived from vasculature
32
Q

Terminal Crest

A
  • Boarder between smooth & muscular walls
33
Q

Interventricular Septum

A
  • Muscular division between ventricles
  • Coordinated contraction
  • Neural fibers
34
Q

Ligamentum Arteriosum

A
  • Between aorta & pulmonary trunk
  • Remnant of fetal circulation
35
Q

Trabeculae Carnae

A
  • Strong muscle within ventricles
36
Q

Papillary Muscles

A
  • Projections of trabeculae carnae
  • Anchor AV valves
37
Q

Chordae Tendonae

A
  • Fibers on AV valves
  • Tether valves
  • Prevent backflow of blood
  • Attach into papillary muscles
38
Q

AV Valve Function

A
  • Move blood from atrium to ventricle
39
Q

Semilunar Valve Function

A
  • Hold blood to prevent back flow
  • Move blood from ventricle to pulmonary trunk/aorta
40
Q

Aortic Semilunar Valve

A
  • Openings leading to coronary arteries
41
Q

Great Vessels Systemic Circulation

A
  • Aorta (ascending, arch, descending)
  • Superior & inferior vena cava
42
Q

Ascending Aorta Supply

A
  • Coronary arteries
43
Q

Descending Aorta Supply

A
  • Thoracic & abdominal branches
44
Q

Heart Failure

A
  • Heart muscle doesn’t pump properly
  • Decreased oxygen & nutrient delivery
  • Left & right sided
45
Q

Heart Failure Symptoms

A
  • Shortness of breath
  • Fatigue
  • Coughing
46
Q

Left Sided Failure

A
  • Systemic impairment
  • Weak muscle/improper ventricle refilling
  • Too little blood to body
47
Q

Right Sided Failure

A
  • Caused by left sided failure
  • Fluid backs up through lungs
48
Q

Pericardium

A
  • Three layered sack
  • Houses heart
  • Contains serous fluid for lubrication
  • Continuous with central tendon of diaphragm
49
Q

Serous Pericardium

A
  • Inside fibrous layer
  • Parietal (outside) layer
  • Visceral (inside) layer (epicardium)
50
Q

Fibrous Pericardium

A
  • Outside, toughest layer
  • Fuses into greater vessels
51
Q

Coronary Arteries

A
  • Supply myocardium
52
Q

Right Coronary Artery

A
  • Right marginal
  • Posterior interventricular
  • Branches to SA & AV nodes
53
Q

Left Coronary Artery

A
  • Anterior interventricular
  • Circumflex artery
54
Q

Anterior Interventricular

A
  • Interventricular sulcus
  • Anastomose
55
Q

Circumflex Artery

A
  • Around left side
  • Left marginal artery
56
Q

Venous Blood Collecting

A
  • Coronary sinus
  • Posterior aspect
57
Q

Vessels of Coronary Sinus

A
  • Great cardiac vein
  • Left posterior ventricular vein
  • Left marginal vein
  • Middle cardiac vein
  • Small cardiac vein
  • Anterior cardiac veins
58
Q

Coronary Sinus Drainage

A
  • Right atrium
59
Q

Myocardial Infraction

A
  • Disruption to coronary blood flow
  • Caused by atherosclerosis
60
Q

Signs of Myocardial Infraction

A
  • Chest discomfort
  • Burning/heaviness
  • Nausea
  • Shortness of breath
  • Upper body discomfort
  • Light headedness
61
Q

Atherosclerosis

A
  • Narrowing of lumen of blood vessel
  • Due to plaque deposits on vessel wall
62
Q

Angina

A
  • Temporary disruption of blood flow

1330/2222 Human Anatomy (32 decks)

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