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1330/2222 Human Anatomy > Unit 5 Cardiac Cycle > Flashcards

Unit 5 Cardiac Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiac Muscle

A
  • Striated
  • Involuntary
  • Walls of heart
  • Contain sarcomere
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2
Q

Cardiac Cells

A
  • Joined end to end
  • Connected by intercalated discs
  • Central nuclei (2)
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3
Q

Cardiomyocyte Types

A
  • Pacemaker
  • Non-pacemaker
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4
Q

Pacemaker Cells

A
  • Auto-rhythmic
  • Spontaneous contraction
  • SA node, AV node, bundle of His, purkinje fibers
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5
Q

Non-Pacemaker Cells

A
  • Majority of heart cells
  • Basic contractability
  • Depolarization induced by adjacent cell depolarization
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6
Q

Syncytia

A
  • Atria & ventricle
  • Allow for atrial contraction prior to ventricle contraction
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7
Q

Syncytium

A
  • Cardiomyocyte cells
  • Connected by intercalated discs
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8
Q

Pacemaker Depolarization

A
  • Slow response
  • Autorhythmic
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9
Q

Myocyte Depolarization

A
  • Faster response
  • Caused by Na+ & Ca++
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10
Q

SA Node

A
  • Pacemaker
  • Origin of cardiac impulse
  • Induces depolarization on adjacent cells
  • Signal transmits through atria down to AV node
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11
Q

AV Node

A
  • Center of heart
  • Connects to atria & ventricles via bundle of his
  • Slows down SA node signal
  • Allows of atria to empty into ventricles
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12
Q

Contraction Pathway

A
  • SA node
  • Atria & AV node
  • Ventricles
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13
Q

ECG Function

A
  • Measure charges in electrical signals within chromocytes
  • Via electrodes placed on chest
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14
Q

Blood Flow

A
  • High to low pressure
  • Contraction increases pressure
  • Relaxation/emptying decreases pressure
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15
Q

Valve Movement

A
  • Open/close based on pressure gradient
  • Atria always filling
  • No valves in vena cava & pulmonary veins
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16
Q

Heart Sounds

A
  • Caused by closing of valves
  • S1, left AV valve (mitral)
  • S2, semilunar valve (aortic)
17
Q

Atrial Systole (1)

A
  • Atria contract
  • Increased pressure in atrium
  • Push blood into ventricles
  • End diastolic volume
  • AV valve closes (S1)
  • QRS wave begins
18
Q

Isovolumetric Contraction (2)

A
  • Atria relax
  • Ventricles contact
  • No blood ejection
  • QRS wave
19
Q

Rapid Ejection (3)

A
  • Aortic & pulmonary valves open
  • Blood rushes into aorta & pulmonary trunk
  • Ventricular volume decrease
  • Ventricular pressure increase
20
Q

Reduced Ejection (4)

A
  • Aorta pressure decrease
  • Atria pressure increase
  • Atria volume increase
  • T wave
  • Ventricles repolarize
21
Q

Isovolumetric Relaxation (5)

A
  • Semilunar valves close (S2)
  • Ventricle diastole
  • ESV
22
Q

Rapid Filling (6)

A
  • Atria pressure increase
  • AV valve opens
  • Ventricular volume increase
23
Q

Reduced Filling (7)

A
  • Blood into ventricles
  • AV valves open
  • Ventricular volume increase
  • Ventricular pressure increase
  • P wave

1330/2222 Human Anatomy (32 decks)

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