Unit 4 Knee Flashcards
1
Q
Femur Function
A
- Transmits force from pelvis through knee
2
Q
Tibia Function
A
- Weight baring
3
Q
Fibula Function
A
- Rotational stability
4
Q
Patella Function
A
- Increase force production at joint
5
Q
Joints of Knee
A
- Femorotibial
- Patellofemoral
- Tibiofibular (proximal/superior)
6
Q
Knee Joint
A
- Combination of femorotibial & patellofemoral joints
- Shared joint capsule
7
Q
Knee Functions
A
- Transition zone (connects thigh to shank)
- Standing & locomotion (stability/mobility)
8
Q
Stability/Mobility Factors
A
- Shape & arrangement of articulating surfaces
- Ligaments crossing joint
- Tone of surrounding muscles
9
Q
Bony Contacts
A
- Low stability
- Small area
- High force transmission
- Femoral condyle & tibial plateau
10
Q
Menisci
A
- Deepen & stabilize articulating surfaces
- Fibrocartilage absorbs shock
- Protects hyaline cartilage & bone
11
Q
Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)
A
- Attached to medial meniscus
- No space between
12
Q
Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)
A
- Separated from lateral meniscus
- Connects femur to fibula
13
Q
Cruciate Ligament Characteristics
A
- Midline of joint
- Crossed
- Named based on tibial attachment
14
Q
Anterior Cruciate Ligament
A
- Attachment at anterior tibia
- Attachment at posterior femur
- Intracapsular
- Extrasynovial
15
Q
ACL Function
A
- Prevents femur from moving posteriorly on tibia (foot planted)
- Prevents tibia moving anteriorly under femur (free foot)
16
Q
Posterior Cruciate Ligament
A
- Attachment at posterior tibia
- Attachment at anterior femur
17
Q
PCL Function
A
- Prevents femur moving anteriorly on tibia (foot planted)
- Prevents tibia from moving posteriorly under femur (free foot)
18
Q
PCL Rupture
A
- Hyperextension of knee
- Blow to tibial tuberosity
- Moves tibia posteriorly on femur
19
Q
ACL Rupture
A
- Rotation of knee (foot medial & thigh lateral)
- Blow to lateral femur
20
Q
Unhappy Triad
A
- Tearing of MCL, ACL, medial meniscus
21
Q
Patellar Dislocation
A
- Laterally
- Pull on vastus lateralis
- Resisted by vastus medialis & high lateral femoral condyle
22
Q
Knee Movements
A
- Flexion/extension
- Minimal rotation
23
Q
Standing
A
- Knee joint locks
- Promote stability & efficiency
24
Q
Mechanisms of Standing
A
- Femur internally rotates
- Greater translation of medial femoral condyle
25
Q
Unlock Knee
A
- Femur rotates laterally
26
Q
Popliteus Muscle
A
- Triangular shaped
- Lateral aspect of femur
- Attaches to medial tibia
27
Q
Popliteus Muscle Function
A
- Unlocks knee
- Rotation of tibia & femur in opposite directions
28
Q
Popliteus Innervation
A
- Tibial nerve
29
Q
Patella
A
- Largest sesamoid bone
- Exists within tendon
- Extends moment arm of quads (further from joint line)
- Increased force produced when moving shank
30
Q
Muscle Groups Acting on Knee
A
- Anterior thigh
- Posterior thigh
- Medial thigh
- Shank
- Popliteus
31
Q
Shank Muscles
A
- Gastrocnemii
- Plantaris
32
Q
Knee Bursa
A
- Provide protection to tendon & skin crossing bony elements
- Fluid filled sacs
- Reduce friction
33
Q
Subpatellar Bursa
A
- Protect patella from femur
34
Q
Prepatellar Bursa
A
- Protect skin from anterior knee (knee bending)
35
Q
Infrapatellar Bursa
A
- Superficial and deep locations
- Protect patellar tendon
