Unit 5 Gas Exchanging & Breathing Flashcards
1
Q
Thoracic Cage Components
A
- Sternum
- Ribs
- Costal cartilage
- Thoracic vertebrae
2
Q
Anterior Costal Cartilage
A
- Join ribs at sternum
3
Q
Posterior Costal Cartilage
A
- Joins vertebrae
- Forms costotransverse joint
- Forms costovertebral joints
4
Q
Costotransverse Joint
A
- Costal tubercle & transverse process of thoracic vertebrae
5
Q
Costovertebral Joint
A
- Head of rib & vertebral body
6
Q
Thoracic Muscles
A
- External intercostals
- Internal & innermost intercostals
- Diaphragm
7
Q
External Intercostals
A
- Inspiration
- Elevate ribs
- Superolateral to inferomedial ‘hands in pocket’
8
Q
Internal & Innermost Intercostals
A
- Forced expiration
- Depress rib
- Superomedial to inferolateral ‘grab collarbone’
9
Q
Diaphragm
A
- Inspiration
- Contract = lowering
- Increase volume of thoracic cavity
10
Q
Breathing
A
- Pressure change
- Dependant on thoracic cage volume
11
Q
Lung Tension
A
- Naturally want to collapse
- Stuck to visceral pleura
- Interstitium primary elastic
12
Q
Pleura
A
- Parietal & visceral layers create sac
- Decreases intrapleural pressure
- Decreases alveolar pressure
13
Q
Pneumothorax
A
- Puncture to pleural membrane
- Air in pleural space
14
Q
Pneumothorax Pressure Change
A
- Intrapleural = atmospheric pressure
- Lung no longer under tension
- Collapses
15
Q
Hemothorax
A
- Blood involved in pneumothorax
16
Q
Pulmonary Circulation
A
- Deoxygenated blood from right ventricle
- Bronchoplumonary segment
17
Q
Pulmonary Circulation Features
A
- High flow
- Low pressure & resistance
18
Q
Goal of Pulmonary Circulation
A
- Oxygenate blood
19
Q
Bronchial Circulation
A
- Oxygenated blood from left ventricle
- Bronchopulmonary segment
- Drains into pulmonary vein
20
Q
Bronchial Circulation Features
A
- High pressure & resistance
21
Q
Goal of Bronchial Circulation
A
- Perfuse lung tissue
22
Q
Tracheobronchial Tree
A
- One bronchopulmonary segment
- Arteries travel down centre
- Veins in periphery
23
Q
Bronchopulmonary Segment
A
- Tertiary segment
- Bronchi & lung tissue supplied
24
Q
Gas Exchange
A
- Diffusion of oxygen & carbon dioxide
- Between alveoli & pulmonary capillaries
25
Q
Gas Exchange Zones
A
- Pulmonary capillary
- Fused basement membrane
- Alveoli
26
Q
Ventilation
A
- Air in alveoli
27
Q
Perfusion
A
- Blood flow through capillaries
28
Q
Shunt Causes
A
- Asthma
- Pulmonary edema
- COPD
- Pneumothorax
- Gas trapping
29
Q
Shunt
A
- Adequate perfusion
- No ventilation
30
Q
Dead Space Causes
A
- Hemorrhage
- Dehydration
- Pulmonary embolism
31
Q
Dead Space
A
- Adequate ventilation
- No perfusion
32
Q
Pulmonary Edema
A
- Secondary to heart failure
33
Q
Pulmonary Edema Cause
A
- Blood not effectively pumped from left ventricle
- Back up in pulmonary veins & lungs
34
Q
Pulmonary Edema Signs
A
- Swelling & leaking of pulmonary capillaries
- Fluid accumulation
- Increased Interstitium pressure
- Fluid may leak into pleural cavity/mediastinum
- Alveolar flooding
