Unit 2 Central Nervous System Flashcards
Brain Hemisphere Division
- Longitudinal fissure
Brain Hemisphere Communication
- Corpus callosum
Fissure
- Deep grove
Sulcus
- Shallow Groove
Gyrus
- Ridge
Frontal Lobe
- Behaviour & emotional control
- Personality
- Problem solving
- Voluntary motor activity, planning movement
- Broca’s area
- Precentral gyrus
Broca’s Area
- Production of language
Parietal Lobe
- Integrates sensory information
- Touch, pain, proprioception
- Perception of language
- Wernicke’s area
Wernicke’s Area
- Understanding speech
Pre-Central Gyrus
- Voluntary motor activity
Post-Central Gyrus
- Sensory reception of touch
Temporal Lobe
- Auditory information processing
- Processes language
- Semantics & naming
- Processes smell
Temporal Lobe Division
- Lateral fissure
Occipital Lobe
- Receives & processes visual information
Occipital Lobe Division
- Parieto-occipital sulcus
Diencephalon
- Thalamus
- Hypothalamus
- Pituitary gland
Thalamus
- Sensory information
Hypothalamus
- Maintain homeostasis
Pituitary Gland
- Secrete hormones
Brainstem Components
- Midbrain
- Pons
- Medulla oblongata
Midbrain
- Connect brainstem to cortex
Pons
- Connect cerebrum, cerebellum, medulla
- Transmit sensory information from periphery to brain
Medulla Oblongata
- Continuous with spinal cord
- Pyramid (center)
- Olive (lateral)
Cerebellum
- Coordination of voluntary movement
- Balance & equilibrium
- Integrates proposed movement with current body position
- Corrects ongoing movements
White Matter Spinal Cord
- Periphery
- Longitudinal tracts of axon (sensory & motor)
Grey Matter Spinal Cord
- Central H
- Neuron cell bodies
- Glial cell bodies
- Dorsal horn
- Ventral horn
Dorsal Horn
- Sensory
Ventral Horn
- Motor
Ventricles Function
- Large fluid filled cavities in brain
- Produce CSF
Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF)
- Surrounds brain & spinal cord
- Within subarachnoid space
Ventricle Order
- Lateral ventricle x2
- Interventricular foramen
- Third Ventricle
- Cerebral aquaduct
- Forth Ventricle
- Central canal
Meninge Types
- Dura mater
- Arachnoid mater
- Pia mater
Dura Mater
- Thickest meninge type
- Protect brain
- Wrap around nerves exiting spinal cord
- Exterior layer
Pia Mater
- Thinnest meninge type
- Into sulci of brain
- Surface of spinal cord
- Can’t be pealed off, painted into brain grooves
Arachnoid Mater
- Thin
- White & wispy
Meninges Function
- Supportive framework for vasculature
- Protect CNS from mechanical damage
- Provide tether points for brain
Arachnoid (Subarachnoid) Space
- Filled with cerebrospinal fluid
- Provide cushioning
Subdural Space
- Venous blood
- Between dura & arachnoid
Extracerebral Hemorrhage
- Between skull & brain
- Increased intracranial pressure
Epidural Hematoma
- Bleed above dura
- Arterial blood
Subdural Hematoma
- Bleed below dura
- Above arachnoid mater
- Venous blood
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
- Arterial blood
- Subarachnoid space
Epidural Space
- Fat filled area
- Above dura
- Contains blood vessels
- No puncture to dura
Lumbar Puncture Function
- Sample cerebrospinal fluid
- Spinal anesthesia
Epidural Function
- Provide anesthetic
Lumbar Puncture & Epidurals
- Inserting needle into lumbar region
- Access spinal cord
- Below level of conus medullaris (L1-L2)
- Epidural fat last layer punctured
Lumbar Cistern
- Sample, inject
- Outpouching area in subarachnoid space
- Filled with cerebrospinal fluid
