Unit 1 Joints

Question 1

Classifications

Answer 1

• Fibrous
• Cartilaginous
• Synovial

Question 2

Fibrous Joints

Answer 2

• Articulating bones connected by fibrous tissue
• Limited movement

Question 3

Cartilaginous Joints

Answer 3

• Articulating bones united by hyaline/fibrocartilage
• Primary (synchondroses) early life development
• Secondary (symphyses) strong, low movement

Question 4

Synovial Joints

Answer 4

• Articular surfaces
• Hyaline cartilage
• Free movement between articulating bone
• Lined by synovial membrane
• Contains synovial fluid
• Ligament reinforced
• Special structural elements (discs & menisci)
• 6 joint classes

Question 5

Synovial Joint Classes

Answer 5

• Saddle
• Ball & socket
• Condyloid
• Pivot
• Hinge
• Plane

Question 6

Joint Stability & ROM Factors

Answer 6

• Shape & arrangement of articulating surfaces
• Ligaments crossing the joint
• Tone of surrounding muscles

Question 7

Ball & Socket Joints

Answer 7

• Shoulder & hip
• Multi-axial synovial joint
• High mobility
• Low stability

Question 8

Hinge Joints

Answer 8

• Knee (complex)
• Elbow (simple)
• Uniaxial joint (single axis movement)
• More stability
• Less ROM

Question 9

Synovial Joint Components

Answer 9

• Bones
• Tendon/muscle
• Bursae
• Ligaments & capsule
• Intra-articular structures

Question 10

Ligament Definition

Answer 10

• Connective tissue structures
• Bind bones together

Question 11

Intra-Articular Structures

Answer 11

• Extracapsular ligaments
• Intracapsular ligaments
• Articular discs
• Labrum

Question 12

Extracapsular Ligaments

Answer 12

• Reinforce capsule

Question 13

Articular Discs

Answer 13

• Absorb shock
• Distribute weight
• Better fit between bony surfaces

Question 14

Labrum

Answer 14

• Ball & socket joints
• Fibrocartilaginous lip from joint edge
• Deepen socket
• Improve bony contacts

Question 15

Bursas

Answer 15

• Fluid filled sacs to reduce friction between moving parts
• Includes tendon sheaths
• Lined with synovial fluid

Question 16

Non Contractile Tissue Damage

Answer 16

• Force exceeds strength of tissue

Question 17

Sprain

Answer 17

• Bones do not dislocate but ligaments are torn
• 3 grades

Question 18

Grade 1 Sprain

Answer 18

• Stretching/slight ligament tearing
• Mild tenderness
• Swelling & stiffness

Question 19

Grade 2 Sprain

Answer 19

• Incomplete tear
  
  • Moderate pain
  • Swelling & bruising

Question 20

Grade 3 Sprain

Answer 20

• Complete tear
  
  • Severe swelling & bruising
  • Instability

Question 21

Sprain Treatment

Answer 21

• PRICE
  
  • Protection
  • Rest
  • Ice
  • Compression
  • Elevation

Question 22

Bursitis

Answer 22

• Chronic inflammation of bursa