Unit 3 Shoulder Flashcards
Blood Flow
- Brachiocephalic trunk
- Right/left subclavian artery
- Axillary artery
- Through brachial plexus
- Brachial artery
- Divide into ulnar & radial arteries
- Superficial & deep palm arch
Superficial Palm Arch Flow
- Ulnar to radial
Deep Palm Arch Flow
- Radial to ulnar
Anastomosis
- Two vessels supply same area
- Provides collateral blood supply
Superficial Vein Examples
- Superficial palmar venous arch
- Median basilic vein
- Median antebrachial vein
- Cephalic vein
Median Cubital Vein
- Across elbow & cubital fossa
- Drain into brachial vein via basilic vein
- Blood draw site
Deep Vein Examples
- Palmar digital veins
- Deep palmar venous arch
- Ulnar vein
- Radial vein
- Interosseous vein
- Brachial vein
- Basilic vein
- Axillary vein
- Subclavian vein
- Jugular vein
- Superior vena cava of heart
Fossae
- Set of Muscle
Fossa Types
- Subscapular
- Supraspinous
- Infraspinous
Subscapular Fossa
- Between scapula & rib cage
Supraspinous Fossa
- Runs above scapular spine
Infraspinous Fossa
- Runs below scapular spine
Clavicle
- Anterior aspect of thorax
- Manubrium of sternum to shoulder
- Articulate with scapula
Clavicle Characteristics
- Long bone
- Concave & convex end
Concave Clavicle End
- Articulates with sternum
Convex Clavicle End
- Articulates with acromion of scapula
Greater Tubercle
- Attachment site
- Costoclavicular ligament
Bones of Pectoral Girdle
- Clavicle
- Acromion of scapula
- Coracoid process
- Glenoid fossa
- Sternum
- Spin of scapula
Shoulder Joints
- Sternoclavicular
- Acromioclavicular
- Glenohumeral
- Scapulothoracic
Sternoclavicular Joint
- Between clavicle & sternum
Anterior Sternoclavicular Ligament
- Secure head of clavicle to sternum
Costalclavicular Ligament
- Joins clavicle to first rib
Interclavicular Ligament
- Attachment between left & right clavicles
Acromioclavicular Joint
- Acromion & clavicle
Ligaments of Acromioclavicular Joint
- Coracoacromial
- Acromioclavicular
- Coracoclavicular
Glenohumeral Joint
- Articulation between humerus & glenoid fossa of scapula
- Ball & socket joint
Glenohumeral Ligament Function
- Glenohumeral joint stability
- Thickenings of joint capsule
Glenohumeral Joint Ligaments
- Coracohumeral
- Superior glenohumeral
- Middle glenohumeral
- Inferior glenohumeral
Scapulothoracic Joint
- Allows for movement between scapula & thoracic cage
- Arm abduction
Shoulder Separation
- Occurs at acromioclavicular & sternoclavicular joints
- Graded on degree of tearing
Grade 1 Shoulder Separation
- Stretching of acromioclavicular ligament
Grade 2 Shoulder Separation
- Rupture of acromioclavicular ligament
- Stretch of coracoclavicular ligament
Grade 3 Shoulder Separation
- Rupture of acromioclavicular ligament
- Rupture of coracoclavicular ligament
Shoulder Dislocation
- Glenohumeral joint
- Bulge in deltopectoral space
Deltpectoral Space
- Between deltoid & pectoral muscles
- Axiallary nerve
- Musculocutaneous nerve
Axilla
- Fat filled space in armpit
- Passageway for blood vessels & nerves of brachial plexus
Saturday Night Palsy Injury
- Brachial plexus nerve compression RADIAL
- Wrist drop & sensory loss in posterior arm
Superficial Muscle Layer
- Trapezius
- Latissimus dorsi
- Rhomboids
- Teres major
Deep Muscle Layer (Rotator Cuff)
- Supraspinatus
- Infraspinatus
- Teres minor
- Subscapular
Pectoral Muscle Layer
- Serratus anterior
- Pectoralis major & minor
Brachium Muscle Layer
- Deltoid
- Long head of biceps
- Long head of triceps
Trapezius
- Innervated by accessory nerve
- Elevate, retract & depress scapula
Latissimus
- Thoracodorsal nerve innervation
- Extend, adduct, medially rotate humerus
Rhomboids
- Between scapula & spine
- Dorsal scapular nerve innervation
- Retract scapula
Teres Major
- Lower subscapular nerve innervation
- Adduct & medially rotate arm
Rotator Cuff Function
- Glenohumeral joint stability
- Extend around humerus head & pull glenoid fossa
Supraspinatus
- Above spine of scapula
- Innervated by suprascapular nerve
- Initiate & assist abduction
Infraspinatus
- Innervated by suprascapular nerve
- Laterally rotate arm
Teres Minor
- Innervated by axillary
- Laterally rotate arm
Subscapularis
- Innervated by upper & lower subscapular nerves
- Medially rotate arm
Pec Major
- Innervated by lateral & medial pectoral nerves
- Flexion & adduction
- Attach to humerus
Pec Minor
- Innervated by medial pectoral nerve
- Scapular protraction
- Attach to scapula
Winged Scapula Injury
- Pulls coracoid process forwards
- Medial boarder of scapular backwards
- Winged up scapula off posterior aspect of thorax
Deltoid
- Innervated by axillary nerve
- Flexion, extension, abduction
Muscles Required for Shoulder Movement
- Supraspinous
- Deltoid
- Trapezius
- Serratus anterior
