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1330/2222 Human Anatomy > Unit 1 Axial Skeleton > Flashcards

Unit 1 Axial Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

Skull Neurocranium Bones

A
  • Frontal
  • Occipital
  • Parietal
  • Sphenoid
  • Temporal
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2
Q

Foramen Magnum

A
  • Opening in occipital bone
  • Spinal cord comes through
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3
Q

Temporal Bone

A
  • Internal auditory meatus
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4
Q

Sphenoid Bone

A
  • Stella turcica
  • Lesser wing
  • Greater wing
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5
Q

Coronal Suture

A
  • Between frontal & parietal bones
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6
Q

Sagittal Suture

A
  • Separates left & right parietal bones
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7
Q

Lambdoid Suture

A
  • Between occipital & parietal bones
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8
Q

Squamoid Suture

A
  • Between temporal & parietal bones
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9
Q

Fontanelles

A
  • Posterior
  • Posterolateral
  • Anterior
  • Anterolateral
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10
Q

Fontanelle Development

A
  • Fuse overtime
  • Flexibility in fetus cranium
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11
Q

Anterior Fontanelle

A
  • Replaced by coronal suture
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12
Q

Anterolateral Fontanelle

A
  • Extends into posterior & posterolateral
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13
Q

Skull Viscerocranium Bones

A
  • Ethmoid
  • Inferior Nasal Concha
  • Lacrimal
  • Zygomatic
  • Vomer
  • Maxilla
  • Nasal
  • Palatine
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14
Q

Nasal Bone

A
  • Nose bridge
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15
Q

Zygomatic Bone

A
  • Cheek bone
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16
Q

Maxilla Bone

A
  • Above top teeth
  • Edges of nose
  • Forms most of hard palate
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17
Q

Lacrimal Bone

A
  • Interior eye corner
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18
Q

Lacrimal Gland

A
  • Produces tears
  • Next to lacrimal bone
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19
Q

Ethmoid Bone

A
  • Posterior to lacrimal bone
  • Extends back into nose
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20
Q

Vomer Bone

A
  • Base of nose
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21
Q

Palatine

A
  • Replaces maxilla at back of nose
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22
Q

Inferior Nasal Concha

A
  • Within nose
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23
Q

Spine Contents

A
  • 24 Vertebrae
  • 1 sacrum
  • 1 coccyx (tailbone)
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24
Q

Vertebrae Breakdown

A
  • 7 cervical (top)
  • 12 thoracic (middle)
  • 5 lumbar (base)
  • 5 fused (sacrum)
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25
Newborn Spine
- Kyphotic spine - One curve from cranium to sacrum
26
Spine Development
- Development of additional curves - Lordotic curves in cervical & lumbar regions - Kyphotic curves in thoracic & sacral regions
27
Scoliosis
- Abnormal spinal curve - Medial & lateral deviation of spine
28
Kyphosis
- Pronounced curvature - Thoracic region
29
Lordosis
- Pronounced curvature - Lumbar region
30
Surface Anatomy of Spine (top to bottom)
- C7 spinous process (vertebra prominens) - Cervicothoracic junction - T3 spinous process - Scapular spine - T7 spinous process & inferior angle of scapula - T12 spinous process & 12th rib - L4 spinous process & iliac crest - Posterior superior iliac spine - S2 spinous process
31
Thoracic Cage Contents
- 12 ribs per side - Costal cartilage - Sternum - Manubrium - Xyphoid process - Thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12)
32
Sternum
- Top, manubrium (suprasternal notch) - Sternal angle (manubrium attaches to body) - Bottom, xyphoid process
33
Real Ribs
- Ribs 1-7 - Costal cartilage - Attach to sternum at costal faucets
34
False Ribs
- 8-10 - Attach to common piece of cartilage
35
Floating Ribs
- 11 & 12 - No anterior articulation
36
Clavicular Notch
- Clavicle articulation
37
Rib Contents
- Inferior & superior faucets - Tubercle - Costal angle - Costal groove - Rib body - Costal cartilage
38
Inferior & Superior Faucets
- Articulate with vertebral body
39
Tubercle
- Attach inferior & superior faucets to neck - Transverse process - Articular faucet
40
Costal Angle
- Curviest part of rib - Moves into costal groove
41
Costal Groove
- Nerve, vein & artery for rib cage - Provides protection
42
Costal Cartilage
- Articulates with rib body
43
Cervical Spine Contents
- 7 vertebra (C1-C7) - Lordotic curve - Vertebra have bifid spinous processes - Transverse foramen - C1 Atlas (no body/spine) - C2 Axis (dens)
44
C1Atlas Vertebra
- Anterior tubercle - Posterior tubercle - Anterior arch - Facet
45
C2 Axis Vertebra
- Dens (prominent) - Anterior articular faucet
46
Vertebral Artery
- Transverse through transverse forearm - Unique to cervical spine - Circle of Willis component (blood to brain) - Vertebra provide protection
47
Vertebral Artery Risks
- Dissection (stroke) - Dislodged thrombus - Spinal manipulation cause
48
Thoracic Spine
- 12 Vertebra - Kyphotic curve - Spines are giraffe-shaped - Bodies are heart shaped - Costal faucets (rib) superior & inferior
49
Superior/Inferior Faucet Pairing
- Inferior (top vertebra) pairs with superior (bottom vertebra) - Create articulation point
50
Lumbar Spine Contents
- 5 vertebra (bigger for weight barring) - Lordotic curve - Bodies, squat & thick - Moose face vertebra - Spinous process, short & stubby
51
Osteoporosis
- Imbalance between bone formation & breakdown - Relevant to lumbar spine - Back pain - Compression fractures
52
Sacrum & Coccyx
- Kyphotic curve - 5 fused vertebra in sacrum - Promontory, superior sacrum aspect - Auricular surface - Sacral canal - Hiatus
53
Longitudinal Ligament Types
- Anterior - Posterior - Supraspinous - Interspinous - Ligamentum flavum
54
Anterior Ligament
- Anterior of vertebral bodies - Broad fibrous band - Occipital bone to sacrum
55
Posterior Ligament
- Posterior of vertebral bodies - Narrow fibrous band - Within vertebral canal
56
Supraspinous Ligament
- On top of spinous process
57
Interspinous Ligament
- Between spinous process
58
Ligamentum Flavum
- Between lamina processes
59
Joints of Spine Types
- Atlanto-occipital - Lateral atlantoaxial - Medial atlantoaxial - Zygapophyseal - Intervertebral
60
Atlanto-Occiptial Joint
- Between atlas & occipital condyles of skull - Synovial joint - Allows flexion & extension of neck
61
Lateral & Medial Atlantoaxial Joints
- Between C1 & C2 - Allows for head movement (pivoting) - Medial in center, lateral on either side (2)
62
Zygapophyseal Joint
- Between superior & inferior articular faucets - Stabilize spinal column - Innervation of dorsal rami - Synovial joint
63
Intervertebral Joints
- Between bodies - Fibrocartilaginous - Between bodies & intervertebral disks - Outer layer, annulus fibrosis (thick fibrous ring) - Inner layer, nucleus pulposus (avascular & gelatinous centre) - Shock absorption - Maintain spinal alignment
64
Costovertebral Joints
- Between thoracic vertebra & ribs

1330/2222 Human Anatomy (32 decks)

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