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1330/2222 Human Anatomy > Unit 1 Axial Skeleton > Flashcards

Unit 1 Axial Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

Skull Neurocranium Bones

A
  • Frontal
  • Occipital
  • Parietal
  • Sphenoid
  • Temporal
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2
Q

Foramen Magnum

A
  • Opening in occipital bone
  • Spinal cord comes through
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3
Q

Temporal Bone

A
  • Internal auditory meatus
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4
Q

Sphenoid Bone

A
  • Stella turcica
  • Lesser wing
  • Greater wing
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5
Q

Coronal Suture

A
  • Between frontal & parietal bones
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6
Q

Sagittal Suture

A
  • Separates left & right parietal bones
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7
Q

Lambdoid Suture

A
  • Between occipital & parietal bones
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8
Q

Squamoid Suture

A
  • Between temporal & parietal bones
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9
Q

Fontanelles

A
  • Posterior
  • Posterolateral
  • Anterior
  • Anterolateral
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10
Q

Fontanelle Development

A
  • Fuse overtime
  • Flexibility in fetus cranium
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11
Q

Anterior Fontanelle

A
  • Replaced by coronal suture
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12
Q

Anterolateral Fontanelle

A
  • Extends into posterior & posterolateral
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13
Q

Skull Viscerocranium Bones

A
  • Ethmoid
  • Inferior Nasal Concha
  • Lacrimal
  • Zygomatic
  • Vomer
  • Maxilla
  • Nasal
  • Palatine
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14
Q

Nasal Bone

A
  • Nose bridge
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15
Q

Zygomatic Bone

A
  • Cheek bone
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16
Q

Maxilla Bone

A
  • Above top teeth
  • Edges of nose
  • Forms most of hard palate
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17
Q

Lacrimal Bone

A
  • Interior eye corner
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18
Q

Lacrimal Gland

A
  • Produces tears
  • Next to lacrimal bone
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19
Q

Ethmoid Bone

A
  • Posterior to lacrimal bone
  • Extends back into nose
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20
Q

Vomer Bone

A
  • Base of nose
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21
Q

Palatine

A
  • Replaces maxilla at back of nose
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22
Q

Inferior Nasal Concha

A
  • Within nose
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23
Q

Spine Contents

A
  • 24 Vertebrae
  • 1 sacrum
  • 1 coccyx (tailbone)
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24
Q

Vertebrae Breakdown

A
  • 7 cervical (top)
  • 12 thoracic (middle)
  • 5 lumbar (base)
  • 5 fused (sacrum)
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25
Q

Newborn Spine

A
  • Kyphotic spine
  • One curve from cranium to sacrum
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26
Q

Spine Development

A
  • Development of additional curves
  • Lordotic curves in cervical & lumbar regions
  • Kyphotic curves in thoracic & sacral regions
27
Q

Scoliosis

A
  • Abnormal spinal curve
  • Medial & lateral deviation of spine
28
Q

Kyphosis

A
  • Pronounced curvature
  • Thoracic region
29
Q

Lordosis

A
  • Pronounced curvature
  • Lumbar region
30
Q

Surface Anatomy of Spine (top to bottom)

A
  • C7 spinous process (vertebra prominens)
  • Cervicothoracic junction
  • T3 spinous process
  • Scapular spine
  • T7 spinous process & inferior angle of scapula
  • T12 spinous process & 12th rib
  • L4 spinous process & iliac crest
  • Posterior superior iliac spine
  • S2 spinous process
31
Q

Thoracic Cage Contents

A
  • 12 ribs per side
  • Costal cartilage
  • Sternum
  • Manubrium
  • Xyphoid process
  • Thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12)
32
Q

Sternum

A
  • Top, manubrium (suprasternal notch)
  • Sternal angle (manubrium attaches to body)
  • Bottom, xyphoid process
33
Q

Real Ribs

A
  • Ribs 1-7
  • Costal cartilage
  • Attach to sternum at costal faucets
34
Q

False Ribs

A
  • 8-10
  • Attach to common piece of cartilage
35
Q

Floating Ribs

A
  • 11 & 12
  • No anterior articulation
36
Q

Clavicular Notch

A
  • Clavicle articulation
37
Q

Rib Contents

A
  • Inferior & superior faucets
  • Tubercle
  • Costal angle
  • Costal groove
  • Rib body
  • Costal cartilage
38
Q

Inferior & Superior Faucets

A
  • Articulate with vertebral body
39
Q

Tubercle

A
  • Attach inferior & superior faucets to neck
  • Transverse process
  • Articular faucet
40
Q

Costal Angle

A
  • Curviest part of rib
  • Moves into costal groove
41
Q

Costal Groove

A
  • Nerve, vein & artery for rib cage
  • Provides protection
42
Q

Costal Cartilage

A
  • Articulates with rib body
43
Q

Cervical Spine Contents

A
  • 7 vertebra (C1-C7)
  • Lordotic curve
  • Vertebra have bifid spinous processes
  • Transverse foramen
  • C1 Atlas (no body/spine)
  • C2 Axis (dens)
44
Q

C1Atlas Vertebra

A
  • Anterior tubercle
  • Posterior tubercle
  • Anterior arch
  • Facet
45
Q

C2 Axis Vertebra

A
  • Dens (prominent)
  • Anterior articular faucet
46
Q

Vertebral Artery

A
  • Transverse through transverse forearm
  • Unique to cervical spine
  • Circle of Willis component (blood to brain)
  • Vertebra provide protection
47
Q

Vertebral Artery Risks

A
  • Dissection (stroke)
  • Dislodged thrombus
  • Spinal manipulation cause
48
Q

Thoracic Spine

A
  • 12 Vertebra
  • Kyphotic curve
  • Spines are giraffe-shaped
  • Bodies are heart shaped
  • Costal faucets (rib) superior & inferior
49
Q

Superior/Inferior Faucet Pairing

A
  • Inferior (top vertebra) pairs with superior (bottom vertebra)
  • Create articulation point
50
Q

Lumbar Spine Contents

A
  • 5 vertebra (bigger for weight barring)
  • Lordotic curve
  • Bodies, squat & thick
  • Moose face vertebra
  • Spinous process, short & stubby
51
Q

Osteoporosis

A
  • Imbalance between bone formation & breakdown
  • Relevant to lumbar spine
  • Back pain
  • Compression fractures
52
Q

Sacrum & Coccyx

A
  • Kyphotic curve
  • 5 fused vertebra in sacrum
  • Promontory, superior sacrum aspect
  • Auricular surface
  • Sacral canal
  • Hiatus
53
Q

Longitudinal Ligament Types

A
  • Anterior
  • Posterior
  • Supraspinous
  • Interspinous
  • Ligamentum flavum
54
Q

Anterior Ligament

A
  • Anterior of vertebral bodies
  • Broad fibrous band
  • Occipital bone to sacrum
55
Q

Posterior Ligament

A
  • Posterior of vertebral bodies
  • Narrow fibrous band
  • Within vertebral canal
56
Q

Supraspinous Ligament

A
  • On top of spinous process
57
Q

Interspinous Ligament

A
  • Between spinous process
58
Q

Ligamentum Flavum

A
  • Between lamina processes
59
Q

Joints of Spine Types

A
  • Atlanto-occipital
  • Lateral atlantoaxial
  • Medial atlantoaxial
  • Zygapophyseal
  • Intervertebral
60
Q

Atlanto-Occiptial Joint

A
  • Between atlas & occipital condyles of skull
  • Synovial joint
  • Allows flexion & extension of neck
61
Q

Lateral & Medial Atlantoaxial Joints

A
  • Between C1 & C2
  • Allows for head movement (pivoting)
  • Medial in center, lateral on either side (2)
62
Q

Zygapophyseal Joint

A
  • Between superior & inferior articular faucets
  • Stabilize spinal column
  • Innervation of dorsal rami
  • Synovial joint
63
Q

Intervertebral Joints

A
  • Between bodies
  • Fibrocartilaginous
  • Between bodies & intervertebral disks
  • Outer layer, annulus fibrosis (thick fibrous ring)
  • Inner layer, nucleus pulposus (avascular & gelatinous centre)
  • Shock absorption
  • Maintain spinal alignment
64
Q

Costovertebral Joints

A
  • Between thoracic vertebra & ribs

1330/2222 Human Anatomy (32 decks)

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