Unit 1 Axial Skeleton Flashcards
1
Q
Skull Neurocranium Bones
A
- Frontal
- Occipital
- Parietal
- Sphenoid
- Temporal
2
Q
Foramen Magnum
A
- Opening in occipital bone
- Spinal cord comes through
3
Q
Temporal Bone
A
- Internal auditory meatus
4
Q
Sphenoid Bone
A
- Stella turcica
- Lesser wing
- Greater wing
5
Q
Coronal Suture
A
- Between frontal & parietal bones
6
Q
Sagittal Suture
A
- Separates left & right parietal bones
7
Q
Lambdoid Suture
A
- Between occipital & parietal bones
8
Q
Squamoid Suture
A
- Between temporal & parietal bones
9
Q
Fontanelles
A
- Posterior
- Posterolateral
- Anterior
- Anterolateral
10
Q
Fontanelle Development
A
- Fuse overtime
- Flexibility in fetus cranium
11
Q
Anterior Fontanelle
A
- Replaced by coronal suture
12
Q
Anterolateral Fontanelle
A
- Extends into posterior & posterolateral
13
Q
Skull Viscerocranium Bones
A
- Ethmoid
- Inferior Nasal Concha
- Lacrimal
- Zygomatic
- Vomer
- Maxilla
- Nasal
- Palatine
14
Q
Nasal Bone
A
- Nose bridge
15
Q
Zygomatic Bone
A
- Cheek bone
16
Q
Maxilla Bone
A
- Above top teeth
- Edges of nose
- Forms most of hard palate
17
Q
Lacrimal Bone
A
- Interior eye corner
18
Q
Lacrimal Gland
A
- Produces tears
- Next to lacrimal bone
19
Q
Ethmoid Bone
A
- Posterior to lacrimal bone
- Extends back into nose
20
Q
Vomer Bone
A
- Base of nose
21
Q
Palatine
A
- Replaces maxilla at back of nose
22
Q
Inferior Nasal Concha
A
- Within nose
23
Q
Spine Contents
A
- 24 Vertebrae
- 1 sacrum
- 1 coccyx (tailbone)
24
Q
Vertebrae Breakdown
A
- 7 cervical (top)
- 12 thoracic (middle)
- 5 lumbar (base)
- 5 fused (sacrum)
25
Q
Newborn Spine
A
- Kyphotic spine
- One curve from cranium to sacrum
26
Q
Spine Development
A
- Development of additional curves
- Lordotic curves in cervical & lumbar regions
- Kyphotic curves in thoracic & sacral regions
27
Q
Scoliosis
A
- Abnormal spinal curve
- Medial & lateral deviation of spine
28
Q
Kyphosis
A
- Pronounced curvature
- Thoracic region
29
Q
Lordosis
A
- Pronounced curvature
- Lumbar region
30
Q
Surface Anatomy of Spine (top to bottom)
A
- C7 spinous process (vertebra prominens)
- Cervicothoracic junction
- T3 spinous process
- Scapular spine
- T7 spinous process & inferior angle of scapula
- T12 spinous process & 12th rib
- L4 spinous process & iliac crest
- Posterior superior iliac spine
- S2 spinous process
31
Q
Thoracic Cage Contents
A
- 12 ribs per side
- Costal cartilage
- Sternum
- Manubrium
- Xyphoid process
- Thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12)
32
Q
Sternum
A
- Top, manubrium (suprasternal notch)
- Sternal angle (manubrium attaches to body)
- Bottom, xyphoid process
33
Q
Real Ribs
A
- Ribs 1-7
- Costal cartilage
- Attach to sternum at costal faucets
34
Q
False Ribs
A
- 8-10
- Attach to common piece of cartilage
35
Q
Floating Ribs
A
- 11 & 12
- No anterior articulation
36
Q
Clavicular Notch
A
- Clavicle articulation
37
Q
Rib Contents
A
- Inferior & superior faucets
- Tubercle
- Costal angle
- Costal groove
- Rib body
- Costal cartilage
38
Q
Inferior & Superior Faucets
A
- Articulate with vertebral body
39
Q
Tubercle
A
- Attach inferior & superior faucets to neck
- Transverse process
- Articular faucet
40
Q
Costal Angle
A
- Curviest part of rib
- Moves into costal groove
41
Q
Costal Groove
A
- Nerve, vein & artery for rib cage
- Provides protection
42
Q
Costal Cartilage
A
- Articulates with rib body
43
Q
Cervical Spine Contents
A
- 7 vertebra (C1-C7)
- Lordotic curve
- Vertebra have bifid spinous processes
- Transverse foramen
- C1 Atlas (no body/spine)
- C2 Axis (dens)
44
Q
C1Atlas Vertebra
A
- Anterior tubercle
- Posterior tubercle
- Anterior arch
- Facet
45
Q
C2 Axis Vertebra
A
- Dens (prominent)
- Anterior articular faucet
46
Q
Vertebral Artery
A
- Transverse through transverse forearm
- Unique to cervical spine
- Circle of Willis component (blood to brain)
- Vertebra provide protection
47
Q
Vertebral Artery Risks
A
- Dissection (stroke)
- Dislodged thrombus
- Spinal manipulation cause
48
Q
Thoracic Spine
A
- 12 Vertebra
- Kyphotic curve
- Spines are giraffe-shaped
- Bodies are heart shaped
- Costal faucets (rib) superior & inferior
49
Q
Superior/Inferior Faucet Pairing
A
- Inferior (top vertebra) pairs with superior (bottom vertebra)
- Create articulation point
50
Q
Lumbar Spine Contents
A
- 5 vertebra (bigger for weight barring)
- Lordotic curve
- Bodies, squat & thick
- Moose face vertebra
- Spinous process, short & stubby
51
Q
Osteoporosis
A
- Imbalance between bone formation & breakdown
- Relevant to lumbar spine
- Back pain
- Compression fractures
52
Q
Sacrum & Coccyx
A
- Kyphotic curve
- 5 fused vertebra in sacrum
- Promontory, superior sacrum aspect
- Auricular surface
- Sacral canal
- Hiatus
53
Q
Longitudinal Ligament Types
A
- Anterior
- Posterior
- Supraspinous
- Interspinous
- Ligamentum flavum
54
Q
Anterior Ligament
A
- Anterior of vertebral bodies
- Broad fibrous band
- Occipital bone to sacrum
55
Q
Posterior Ligament
A
- Posterior of vertebral bodies
- Narrow fibrous band
- Within vertebral canal
56
Q
Supraspinous Ligament
A
- On top of spinous process
57
Q
Interspinous Ligament
A
- Between spinous process
58
Q
Ligamentum Flavum
A
- Between lamina processes
59
Q
Joints of Spine Types
A
- Atlanto-occipital
- Lateral atlantoaxial
- Medial atlantoaxial
- Zygapophyseal
- Intervertebral
60
Q
Atlanto-Occiptial Joint
A
- Between atlas & occipital condyles of skull
- Synovial joint
- Allows flexion & extension of neck
61
Q
Lateral & Medial Atlantoaxial Joints
A
- Between C1 & C2
- Allows for head movement (pivoting)
- Medial in center, lateral on either side (2)
62
Q
Zygapophyseal Joint
A
- Between superior & inferior articular faucets
- Stabilize spinal column
- Innervation of dorsal rami
- Synovial joint
63
Q
Intervertebral Joints
A
- Between bodies
- Fibrocartilaginous
- Between bodies & intervertebral disks
- Outer layer, annulus fibrosis (thick fibrous ring)
- Inner layer, nucleus pulposus (avascular & gelatinous centre)
- Shock absorption
- Maintain spinal alignment
64
Q
Costovertebral Joints
A
- Between thoracic vertebra & ribs
