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bio 111 > unit 4 > Flashcards

unit 4 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

cutaneous membrane

A

provides protection; skin

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2
Q

mucous membrane

A

absorption and secretion of mucus; lines all internal body cavities that open to the exterior of body

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3
Q

serous membrane

A

protection and reduces friction; lines internal body cavities closed to the exterior of body; 2 layer membrane separated by fluid

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4
Q

synovial membrane

A

(only connective membrane) lubricates joints; surrounds joint cavities

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5
Q

cutaneous membrane structures

A

Epidermis is composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium; Dermis is mostly dense (fibrous) connective tissue

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6
Q

mucus membrane structures

A

Epithelium type depends on site; Loose connective tissue (lamina propria)

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7
Q

serous membrane structures

A

Simple squamous epithelium; Areolar connective tissue

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8
Q

synovial membrane structures

A

loose areolar connective tissue only

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9
Q

major functions of integumentary system

A

insulates and cushions organs; protection; body heat retention; aids in excretion of urea and uric acid; synthesizes vitamin D

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10
Q

hypodermis

A

composed of fat; not actually part of integumentary system

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11
Q

epidermis

A

outer layer; stratified squamous epithelium; avascular; contains keratinocytes

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12
Q

dermis

A

connective tissue; underlies epidermis; papillary and reticular layers

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13
Q

papillary

A

fingerprints and footprints; pain and touch receptors

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14
Q

reticular

A

blood vessels; sweat and oil glands start; deep pressure receptors

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15
Q

stratum basale

A

deepest layer; cells undergoing mitosis (dividing); alive cells; contains melanocytes

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16
Q

stratum spinosum

A

2 deepest; increasingly flatter and more keratinized (dying); still alive cells

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17
Q

stratum granulosum

A

3 deepest; transitional layer (moving to non living cells); flattened

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18
Q

stratum lucidum

A

formed from dead cells of deeper layers; only on hairless areas;

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19
Q

stratum corneum

A

outermost layer; dead cells (filled up with keratin- prevents water loss from skin); shingle-like

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20
Q

cells involved in skin color

A

melanocytes

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21
Q

two other factors that determine final skin color

A

carotene (vegetables) and hemoglobin (oxygen content in blood cells)

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22
Q

melanin

A

pigment produced by melanocytes to determine color

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23
Q

sebaceous glands

A

all over skin except palms and soles; produces sebum (oil); soft skin, soft hair, kills bacteria

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24
Q

sweat glands - eccrine

A

skins surface; temp regulation

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25
Q

sweat glands - apocrine

A

duct empty into hair follicles in armpit and genitals; body odor (sweat with fatty acids)

26
Q

where are sweat glands most abundant

A

palms and soles

27
Q

hair

A

everywhere except palms and soles; hard keratinized epithelial cells; protection and warmth

28
Q

hair roots

A

enclosed by follicle

29
Q

hair shaft

A

projects from surface

30
Q

arrector pili (smooth) muscle

A

contracts and pulls hair follicle

31
Q

nails

A

more keratinized than hair, stratum basale extends beneath nail beds (growth); lack of pigment; we cut the free edge; provides protection

32
Q

main concern when it comes to burns

A

dehydration and lack of electrolytes; also affects airways

33
Q

first degree burns

A

only in epidermis; skin is red and swollen; regrows easily

34
Q

second degree burns

A

epidermis and outer part of dermis; skin red, painful, and blistered; blistering and scaring while healing

35
Q

third degree burns

A

destroys epidermis and dermis; painless- nerves destroyed; blanched (grey-white or black); extends to fat; no easy regrowth

36
Q

fourth degree burns

A

extends to deeper tissues (bone, muscles, tendons); dry and leathery; needs surgery; no easy regrowth

37
Q

importance of rule of nines

A

estimates tissue damage and fluid loss - when hospital care is needed; 11 sections that are each 9% of body surface area

38
Q

basal cell carcinoma

A

least malignant and most common; arises from stratum basale

39
Q

squamous cell carcinoma

A

stratum spinosum; caused by sun; can spread to lymph nodes and become malignant

40
Q

malignant melanoma

A

most deadly and most rare; arises from melanocytes; spreads to lymph nodes and blood vessels (ABCDE)

41
Q

ABCDE

A

asymmetry; border irregularity (not smooth); color; diameter (larger than 6mm); evolution (one or more of ABCD is evolving

42
Q

fluid product of cutaneous membrane

A

sweat and sebum

43
Q

fluid product of mucous membrane

A

mucus

44
Q

fluid product of serous membrane

A

watery serous fluid

45
Q

fluid product of synovial membrane

A

synovial fluid

46
Q

cells of membranes lining intestines produce

A

mucus

47
Q

blood vessels are only in

A

dermis

48
Q

adipose is

A

not apart of cutaneous membrane

49
Q

two types of sweat

A

salty and stinky

50
Q

stratum basal includes

A

hair and nails

51
Q

erythema

A

redness from blushing

52
Q

pallor or blanching

A

emotional stress and become pale; anemia, low blood pressure, or impaired blood flow

53
Q

jaundice

A

yellow skin from liver failure

54
Q

bruise

A

black and blue; blood escaped circulation

55
Q

hair matrix

A

growth zone; where division of well nourished stratum basale epithelial cells happens

56
Q

hair papilla

A

provides blood supply to matrix in hair bulb

57
Q

dermal papillae

A

peg like projections from superior surface (papillary layer)

58
Q

cyanosis

A

discoloration of skin from poor circulation or inadequate oxygenation of blood; blue ish color

59
Q

partial thickness burns

A

involve top two layers of skin; first and second degree burns

60
Q

full thickness burns

A

destroy epidermis and dermis; third and fourth degree burns

61
Q

adaptation of sensory receptors

A

they become exposed to stimuli for prolonged periods of time

62
Q

system that controls activity of eccrine sweat glands

A

nervous system

bio 111 (19 decks)

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