Unit 2 Flashcards
Kinetic energy
In motion; doing the work
Potential energy
Inactive or stored (ATP)
4 major energy forms
Chemical, electrical, mechanical, radiant
Chemical energy
Stored in chemical bonds of substances
Electrical energy
movement of charged particles
Mechanical energy
Energy directed involved in moving matter
Radiant energy
Travels in waves; electromagnetic spectrum
4 major elements of human body
Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen
3 major subatomic particles
protons, neutrons, electrons
protons
mass: 1; positive charges; located in nucleus
neutrons
mass: 1; no charge; located in nucleus
electrons
mass: 1/2000; negative charge; orbits around nucleus
radioisotope
heavy isotopes of certain atoms (unstable); tag and trace biological molecules through the body
molecule
two or more atoms of the same element combined
compound
two or more atoms of different elements combines chemically
ionic bond
weaker than covalent; form when electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another (transferring of electrons)
polar covalent bond
2 charged poles; electrons are not shared (water)
nonpolar covalent bond
electrons shared equally between atoms (carbon dioxide)
hydrogen bond
weakest bond; hydrogen atom is attracted to negative portion of polar molecule; forms intramolecular bonds (DNA helix); responsible for surface tension
synthesis
anabolic (building); energy is absorbed to form larger molecule (amino acids to protein)
decomposition
catabolic (destructive); molecule is broken down and energy is released (glycogen to glucose)
exchange
simultaneous synthesis and decomposition ( glucose to glucose phosphate)
organic compound
contains carbon; large and covalent; can burn; carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
inorganic compound
lack carbon (except carbon dioxide); will not burn; small and simple with ionic or covalent bonds; water, salt, many acids and bases
most important inorganic compound
water
water
universal solvent, high heat capacity, polar, chemical reactivity, cushioning; regulates body temp - sweat when hot, digest food, break down biological molecules
solute
substance being dissolved
solvent
substance doing the dissolving
solution
solutes are tiny; mixed/ will not separate
colloid
solutes are intermediate size; translucent mixture (will separate)
electrolytes (salt, acid, base)
ions that conduct electrical currents; easily break into ions in presence of water
salt
inorganic; ionic; contains cations other than H+ and anions other than OH-