unit 13 (digestive) Flashcards
layers of wall of alimentary canal
mucosa
submucosa
muscularis externa
serosa
how villi aids digestive process in small intestine
increase surface area for absorption; house capillary bed and lacteal; microvilli of plasma membrane brush border enzymes
accessory digestive organs
- teeth (mix food)
- salivary glands (break down in mouth)
- pancreas (more enzymes to chemically break down food)
- liver and gallbladder (produce and store bile - bloodstream cleaner)
tooth anatomy
crown
root
enamel
dentin
pulp cavity
root canal
composition of saliva
serous fluid and mucus; salivary amylase and lysosomes and antibodies
functions of saliva
moisten and bind food together into a bolus; dissolves chemicals to be tasted
pancreas
digestive enzymes to breakdown all food categories; produces insulin and glucagon
main activities of digestive system
- ingestion
- mechanical breakdown of food physically
- propulsion - chemical breakdown
- digestion and movement
- absorption
- defecation
mouth
ingestion; breaking down physically (carbs digestion)
pharynx and esophagus
movement and physically breaking down
stomach
digestion; chemical breakdown (proteins)
small intestine
segmentation; chemical breakdown; absorption
colon
absorb water; movement
rectum and anus
defecation
mouth enzymes
amylase