unit 13 (digestive) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

layers of wall of alimentary canal

A

mucosa
submucosa
muscularis externa
serosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how villi aids digestive process in small intestine

A

increase surface area for absorption; house capillary bed and lacteal; microvilli of plasma membrane brush border enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

accessory digestive organs

A
  • teeth (mix food)
  • salivary glands (break down in mouth)
  • pancreas (more enzymes to chemically break down food)
  • liver and gallbladder (produce and store bile - bloodstream cleaner)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

tooth anatomy

A

crown
root
enamel
dentin
pulp cavity
root canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

composition of saliva

A

serous fluid and mucus; salivary amylase and lysosomes and antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

functions of saliva

A

moisten and bind food together into a bolus; dissolves chemicals to be tasted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

pancreas

A

digestive enzymes to breakdown all food categories; produces insulin and glucagon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

main activities of digestive system

A
  • ingestion
  • mechanical breakdown of food physically
  • propulsion - chemical breakdown
  • digestion and movement
  • absorption
  • defecation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

mouth

A

ingestion; breaking down physically (carbs digestion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

pharynx and esophagus

A

movement and physically breaking down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

stomach

A

digestion; chemical breakdown (proteins)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

small intestine

A

segmentation; chemical breakdown; absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

colon

A

absorb water; movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

rectum and anus

A

defecation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

mouth enzymes

A

amylase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

stomach enzymes

A

pepsin

17
Q

pancreas enzymes

A

amylase, lactase, pepsin

18
Q

large intestine enzymes

A

bacteria and no enzymes

19
Q

swallowing

A

buccal phase and pharyngeal-esophageal phase

20
Q

vomiting

A

medulla controls vomiting

21
Q

defecation

A

moving through intestine and colon contracting to move mass

22
Q

protein digestion end product

A

amino acids

23
Q

fat digestion end product

A

glycerol and fatty acids

24
Q

carb digestion end product

A

glucose

25
Q

6 nutrient categories

A

carbs (sugars and starches)
lipids (nuts, oils, seeds)
proteins (poultry, fish)
water
vitamins (fruits and veggies)
minerals (legumes, some meats)

26
Q

metabolism

A

all chemical reactions necessary to maintain life

27
Q

anabolism

A

larger molecules built from smaller ones

28
Q

catabolism

A

broken down substances; energy released and captured to make ATP

29
Q

carb uses

A

make ATP; glucose in blood

30
Q

fat uses

A

provide reserved energy and protect/insulate the body

31
Q

protein uses

A

amino acids can make ATP

32
Q

metabolic rate of liver

A

bile production: emulsifier
glucose (simple sugar)
glycogen (stored glucose in liver)
glycogenesis (making glycogen)
glycogenolysis (breakdown glycogen)
gluconeogenesis (make glucose from fat or protein)

33
Q

hyperglycemia

A

excessively high levels of glucose in blood

34
Q

hypoglycemia

A

low levels of glucose in blood

35
Q

how body temp is regulated

A

BMR
TMR
hypothalamus
fever

36
Q

gastroenteritis

A

inflammation of the gastrointestinal
tract; can occur at any time

37
Q

appendicitis

A

inflammation of the appendix; common
in adolescents

38
Q

effect of aging on metabolism

A

decreases as you get older