unit 14 (urinary)

Question 1

location of kidneys in body

Answer 1

posterior and retroperitoneal

Question 2

kidney function

Answer 2

gets rid of hydrogen to balance pH; releases renin to maintain blood pressure

Question 3

path of blood supply in kidneys

Answer 3

segmental - interlobar - arcuate - cortical radiate

Question 4

nephron

Answer 4

structural and functional units of kidneys

Question 5

anatomy of nephron

Answer 5

renal corpuscle and renal tubule

Question 6

filtration

Answer 6

renal corpuscle (glomerulus and glomerular capsule)

Question 7

reabsorption

Answer 7

renal tubule; PCT, loop of Henle

Question 8

secretion

Answer 8

renal tubule; loop of henle; DCT

Question 9

function of kidneys in excretion of nitrogen- containing waster

Answer 9

want to secrete urea, uric acid, creatinine

Question 10

composition of normal urine

Answer 10

potassium, sodium, ammonia, bicarbonate ions

Question 11

abnormal composition of urine

Answer 11

glucose, blood proteins, RBC, WBC, hemoglobin, bile

Question 12

ureters

Answer 12

carry urine to bladder; smooth muscle

Question 13

urinary bladder

Answer 13

smooth muscle and stretches

Question 14

urethra

Answer 14

muscular tube; urine from bladder to outside of body

Question 15

urethra in females

Answer 15

only urine; shorter; anterior to vaginal opening

Question 16

urethra in males

Answer 16

urine and sperm; travels through prostate and penis

Question 17

micturition

Answer 17

voiding or emptying the bladder

Question 18

external sphincter

Answer 18

voluntary and skeletal

Question 19

internal sphincter

Answer 19

involuntary and smooth

Question 20

3 main fluid compartments of body

Answer 20

intracellular fluid
extracellular fluid
plasma

Question 21

how ADH regulates water balance by kidneys

Answer 21

prevent excessive water loss in urine and increases water reabsorption; targets kidney collecting ducts

Question 22

how aldosterone regulates sodium and potassium

Answer 22

chloride absorbed and potassium secreted for every sodium ion absorbed

Question 23

buffers

Answer 23

chemical to stabilize pH; bicarbonate prevents acidosis and carbonic acid prevents alkalosis

Question 24

respiration

Answer 24

breathing faster increases pH and vise versa

Question 25

kidneys

Answer 25

increase in pH = excretion of bicarbonate and reabsorb hydrogen

Question 26

3 common congenital problems of urinary system

Answer 26

polycystic kidneys
hypospadias
reabsorb hydrogen

Question 27

effects of aging

Answer 27

filtration rate decreases
tubule cells are left deficient
urinary retention
renal failure

Question 28

juxtaglomerular apparatus

Answer 28

tell kidneys to control blood pressure and kidneys release renin to raise