unit 3 study guide Flashcards
Identify normal and abnormal manifestations of
head/eye/ear/neck assessments on a patient across the lifespan
Head/face/neck
Symmetry
* Nasolabial folds
* Normocephalic
* Facial expression (flat affect?)
* Midline
* Jugular Vein Distention (JVD)
* Teeth/Gums/Tongue
* Palate
Describe the steps to complete a head/eye/ear/neck
assessment on a patient across the lifespan
Palpation
* TMJ
* ROM
* Lymph nodes
* Pulses
Cartoid arteries
JVD
Identify normal and abnormal manifestations of
head/eye/ear/neck assessments on a patient across the lifespan
eye
Should be white
should look normal
not bulging or red or anything
Describe the steps to complete a head/eye/ear/neck
assessment on a patient across the lifespan
Ear
Symmetrical
* Drainage
* Lumps/lesions/eczema
* Tenderness
* Otoscope: Pinna up and back on and adult; Pull pinna down on an
infant or younger than 3 year
Describe the steps to complete a head/eye/ear/neck
assessment on a patient across the lifespan
Eye
Confrontation Test
* Ophthalmoscope
* Snellen Eye chart
* Pen light inspection
* PERRLA
* Red reflex
* EOMs (6 cardinal positions of gaze)
Identify normal and abnormal manifestations of a neurovascular assessment on a patient across the lifespan
Inspection
* LOC
* Lethargic
* Stuporous
* Comatose
* Ax0x4 (person, place, time,
situation)
* Skull fracture
Describe the steps to complete a neurological assessment on
a patient across the lifespan
Coma scale
repeat numbers, sensations
Cranial nerves
Reflex test in biceps, triceps, patellar and achilles
Identify normal and abnormal manifestations of a musculoskeletal assessment on a patient across the lifespan
Deformity
* Swelling
* Redness
* Atrophy
* Observe Gait
* Heel walk
* Toe walk
* Spine defects
* Kyphosis
* Lordosis
* Scoliosis
Describe the steps to complete a musculoskeletal assessment
on a patient across the lifespan
Grade muscle strength 0-5
palpate joints for noises,swelling,heat,pain
ROM on shoulders, elbow,hand/wrist,hip,knee, ankle
Describe the proper method for utilizing crutches, walkers,
and canes for a patient
CANES
Hold the cane on the strong side of the body
Position the tip about 6 inches to the side and 6 inches in front of the near foot
The elbow should be slightly flexed
Move the cane forward while body weight is on both legs
Move the affected leg—weight borne by cane and stronger leg
Move the unaffected leg forward
As strength improves, move cane and weak leg forward together
WALKERS
When maximum support is needed
o Move the walker ahead about 6 inches while body weight is borne by both legs
o Move the right foot up to the walker—weight on left leg and arms
o Move the left foot up to the right foot—weight on right leg and both arms
When one leg is weaker than the other
o Move the walker and the weak leg ahead together about 6 inches while weight is borne on the stronger
leg
o Move the stronger leg ahead while weight is borne by the affected leg and both arms
CRUTCHES
The body weight should be on the arms, not the axillae
Maintain an erect posture
Keep crutch tips dry
Wear low-heeled rubber soled shoes (or shoe)
Four-point gait—most stable—need weight bearing on both legs
o Move right crutch ahead 4-6 inches
o Move left foot forward
o Move the left crutch forward
o Move the right foot forward
Three point gait—total body weight is borne on unaffected leg
o Move both crutches and the weaker leg forward—usually held above ground
o Move the stronger leg forward
Two point alternate gait—faster than four point and requires partial weight bearing on both legs
o Move the left crutch and right foot forward together
o Move the right crutch and left foot ahead together
GOING UP STAIRS—“Up with the good”
Transfer body weight to the crutches and move the unaffected leg onto the step
Transfer body weight to the unaffected leg on the step and move the crutches and affected leg up to the step.
GOING DOWN STAIRS—“Down with the bad”
Transfer body weight to the unaffected leg and move the crutches and affected leg down onto the next step.
Transfer body weight to the crutches and move the unaffected leg down to the step.
Math conversions