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pathology > Unit 3 - Lecture 5 > Flashcards

Unit 3 - Lecture 5 Flashcards

1
Q

1

A

ionizing radiation, carcinogens, mutagens

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2
Q

2

A

normal cell (p53 is normal)

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3
Q

3

A

DNA damage

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4
Q

4

A

hypoxia

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5
Q

5

A

p53 activated and binds to DNA

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6
Q

6

A

transcription dependent and independent effects on targets

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7
Q

7

A

p21 (CDK inhibitor)

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8
Q

8

A

G1 arrest

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9
Q

9

A

GADD45 (DNA repair)

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10
Q

10

A

successful repair

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11
Q

11

A

normal cells

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12
Q

12

A

BAX (apoptosis gene)

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13
Q

13

A

repair fails

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14
Q

14

A

apoptosis

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15
Q

15

A

cell with mutations or loss of p53

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16
Q

16

A

DNA damage

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17
Q

17

A

p53-dependent genes not activated

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18
Q

18

A

no cell cycle arrest

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19
Q

19

A

no DNA repair, no senescence

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20
Q

20

A

mutant cells

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21
Q

21

A

expansion and additional mutations

22
Q

22

A

malignant tumor

23
Q

What are the causes of neoplasia?

A

carcinogens and germ line mutations

24
Q

What are mutagens?

A

something that causes DNA damage

25
Q

Most carcinogens are _______, many ______ are carcinogens.

A

mutagens; mutagens

26
Q

What type of mutations are hereditary?

A

germ line mutations

27
Q

What are the major tenants of chemical carcinogens?

A

dose dependent, latency, progeny cells acquire traits, co-carcinogens, proliferation

28
Q

How does radiation lead to carcinogenesis?

A

it induces mutations

29
Q

What is a complete carcinogen?

A

something that can initiate and promote tumorigenesis

30
Q

What is an example of a complete carcinogen?

A

radiation

31
Q

What neoplasia does feline leukemia virus lead to?

A

leukemias and lymphomas

32
Q

What neoplasia does bovine leukosis virus lead to?

A

leukemias and lymphomas

33
Q

What neoplasia does primate leukemia and sarcoma viruses lead to?

A

fibrosarcomas and leukemias

34
Q

What neoplasia does feline immunodeficiency viruses lead to?

A

lymphomas

35
Q

What are some examples of DNA viral carcinogens?

A

papillomaviruses, herpesviruses, and hepadnaviruses

36
Q

What is an example of a RNA viral carcinogen?

A

oncogenic retroviruses

37
Q

Where are lesions usually located that are caused by papilloma virus?

A

lesions of the skin, GI, genital, and respiratory tracts

38
Q

How might viruses cause tumors?

A

most add genetic material to the genome, they have transforming sequences, or cause mutations

39
Q

What sequences that retroviruses have?

A

V-onc which resembles protooncogene

40
Q

How do viruses cause mutation?

A

overproduction of p-oncogene or altered formation of p-oncogene protein

41
Q

What is a proto-oncogene?

A

normal cellular genes that regulate cell growth and differentiation

42
Q

What do cellular oncogenes effect?

A

somatic cell with driver gene mutation, inherited modifier genes effecting carcinogen metabolism, DNA repair, and immune responses, and uncontrolled cell proliferation

43
Q

What are grey horses at genetic risk for?

A

melanoma

44
Q

True or false: neoplasias always increase the functionality of what they grow on.

A

False: not all functionality is increased

45
Q

What does bracken fern lead to in cattle that have interacted with papillomavirus?

A

bovine enzootic hematuria and bladder tumors

46
Q

What specific neoplasm is associated with white faced horses, cattle, and cats?

A

squamous cell carcinomas

47
Q

Can you use canine lymphoma as a model for human lymphoma?

A

no they are very genetically different

48
Q

Who determines tumor grade?

A

the pathologist

49
Q

Who determines tumor stage?

A

clinician and radiologist

50
Q

What is tumor stage?

A

the extent of tumor growth and spread

pathology (22 decks)

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