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Pathology > Lab 5 > Flashcards

Lab 5 Flashcards

1
Q

This is a slide from the lung of a pig, what is the pale pink material in alveoli?

A

edema fluid with an increase in protein

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2
Q

This is a slide from the lung of a pig, what are the dilated clear spaces in this picture?

A

lymphatics filled with and expanded by edema

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3
Q

This is a slide from the lung of a pig, what could cause this lesion?

A

a lesion of the left AV valve, or something wrong with the muscle of the left ventricle

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4
Q

This is a slide from the lung of a pig, what do you think the lung would look like grossly?

A

diffusely dark red with foamy pink material found in the lumen of the bronchi

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5
Q

This is a slide from the lung of a pig, what would the histomorphologic diagnosis?

A

moderate diffuse pulmonary congestion and edema

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6
Q

This is a slide from a lung, identify this structure:

A

pleura

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7
Q

This is a slide from a lung, identify this structure:

A

subpleural lymphatics

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8
Q

This is a slide from a lung, identify this structure:

A

interlobar lymphatics

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9
Q

This is a slide from a lung, identify this structure:

A

lymphatic with edema

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10
Q

This is a slide from a lung, identify this structure:

A

alveolar hyperemia

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11
Q

This is a slide from a lung, identify this structure:

A

alveolar edema (with increased protein)

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12
Q

This is a slide from a canine artery, dentify this structure:

A

artery wall

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13
Q

This is a slide from a canine artery, identify this structure:

A

granulation tissue

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14
Q

How would you name this arterial lesion?

A

arterial thrombus (chronic) with chronic arteritis

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15
Q

Identify this structure:

A

arteritis

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16
Q

Identify this structure:

A

lines of Zahn

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17
Q

Identify this structure:

A

fibrin

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18
Q

Identify this structure:

A

leukocytes from blood

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19
Q

What is the term for free blood in the tissue?

A

hemorrhage

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20
Q

When hemorrhage forms swelling, what is it called?

A

a hematoma

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21
Q

This is a slide from a nasal mass in a horse, what is the term for the intracellular yellow to brown granular pigment?

A

hemosiderin

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22
Q

This is a slide from a nasal mass in a horse, where does the intracellular yellow to brown granular pigment come from?

A

phagocytosis of free red blood cell sby macrophages resulted in the breakdown of hemoglobin

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23
Q

This is a slide from a nasal mass in a horse, what is the term for the yellow pigment?

A

local bilirubin

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24
Q

Identify this structure:

A

nasal epithelium

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25
Q

Identify this structure:

A

fibrosis - from granulation tissue

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26
Q

Identify this structure:

A

hemorrhage resulting in a mass

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27
Q

Identify this structure:

A

hemosiderin containing macrophages

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28
Q

Identify this structure:

A

hematoidin

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29
Q

Identify this structure:

A

hemosiderin in macrophages

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30
Q

Identify this structure:

A

stratified squamous epithelium - squamous metaplasia

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31
Q

Identify this structure:

A

hemosiderin

32
Q

Identify this structure:

A

large irregular plaques and patches

33
Q

Identify this structure:

A

multifocal round to irregular dark red to purple macules and papules

34
Q

On cut surface, how would you describe this structure?

A

the dark red to purple discoloration extends through the epidermis and dermis

35
Q

What is the skin lesion in this picture examples of?

A

infarcts

36
Q

What is an infarct?

A

a focus of necrosis that results from ischemia or blockage of blood flow

37
Q

What is happening here?

A

Intussessception

38
Q

Identify this structure:

A

Orad segment of the intestine

39
Q

Name this lesion:

A

focal, acute, severe intussusception with venous congestion and infarction

40
Q

What is an intussusception?

A

An intussusception is a lesion in the intestines that is characterized by proximal segment of the intestine telescoping or inverting into a distal segment of intestine

41
Q

The slowing and stagnation of blood flow results in increased hydrostatic pressure and decreased tissue oxygenation (ischemia). What are two sequelae you would expect?

A

edema and necrosis would be expected

42
Q

What is located here?

A

fibrin thrombus

43
Q

Describe the endothelial and intimal surface here.

A

it is shaggy and colored tan to brown

44
Q

What has happened to the vessel wall here?

A

it is thickened

45
Q

How would you classify this lesion?

A

cranial mesenteric arteritis

46
Q

What secondary lesion could have developed in association to arteritis?

A

the disruption of the vascular wall can lead to thrombus formation

47
Q

What is the clear glistening fluid on cut surface in this picture?

A

edema

48
Q

Name this lesion:

A

Acute, locally extensive, subcutaneous edema

49
Q

What 4 mechanisms can account for this lesion?

A

increased microvascular permeability, increased intravascular hydrostatic pressure, decreased intravascular osmotic pressure, decreased lymphatic drainage

50
Q

Is this lesion consistent with a vaccine reaction?

A

yes, the release of inflammatory molecules results in vasodilation, endothelial contraction, and increased vascular permeability

51
Q

What would account for the edema in this case?

A

increased microvascular permeability

52
Q

The lesion is on the cranial right lung lobe and the vessels are twisted around the mainstem, name this lesion:

A

acute, focal, cranial right lung lobe torsion

53
Q

The color change to dark red or purple in the affected lung lobe is due to increase blood in the tissue. Is this an active or passive process?

A

passive

54
Q

This is from a lung, Identify this structure:

A

bronchi

55
Q

This is tissue from a lung, Identify this structure:

A

pulmonary arterial wall

56
Q

Name this lesion:

A

acute, focal, severe pulmonary thromboembolus

57
Q

What are the mechanisms for thrombus formation?

A

endothelial injury, abnormal blood flow, hypercoagulability

58
Q

What is an arterial thrombus composed of?

A

plateletes and fibrin

59
Q

What is the color that an arterial thrombus typically has?

A

tan to grey

60
Q

How do arterial thrombi grow?

A

downstream from their attaachment side resulting in a tail that is not attached to the vessel wall

61
Q

What is a venous thrombus composed of?

A

large numbers of red blood cells

62
Q

What is the color that a venous thrombous typically has?

A

dark red

63
Q

How do venous thrombi grow?

A

upstream of the site of initiation and take form of the vessels they are in

64
Q

What is this zone of dark red?

A

hemorrhage

65
Q

Name this lesion:

A

multifocal, acute, severe renal infarction

66
Q

White infarcts are always what?

A

arterial

67
Q

What color do arterial infarcts turn due to necrotic tissue break down and hemorrhage occuring?

A

red

68
Q

What does venous obstruction result in?

A

stagnation of blood flow and reduction or loss of venous return

69
Q

Grossly, what color are venous infarcts normally and why?

A

red due to back flow and accumulation of blood in the infarcted area

70
Q

What are the three main ways a thrombus can form?

A

abnormal blood flow, endothelial damage, hypercoagulability

71
Q

What can abnormal blood flow be caused by?

A

heart worm disease, cardiomyopathies, or cardiac valcular deformities

72
Q

What can cause endothelial damage?

A

protein losing enteropathies or nephropathis or hyperadrenocortism

73
Q

What can cause hypercoagulability?

A

bacteria, viruses, fungi, toxins, decreased clotting factors, liver failure, or anything that causes DIC

74
Q

What is shown here?

A

ecchymotic hemorrhage

75
Q

What is shown here?

A

subcutaneous hemorrhage

76
Q

What are the 4 main patterns of hemorrhage?

A

petechiae, ecchymoses, purpura, suffusive (paint brush)

77
Q

What can cause hemorrhage?

A

endothelium/vessel structure, platelets, coagulation factors

Pathology (22 decks)

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