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Pathology > Unit 3 - Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Unit 3 - Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

A.

A

mitosis; M

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2
Q

B.

A

cell division

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3
Q

C.

A

permanent cells (neurons and cardiac myocytes)

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4
Q

D.

A

G0

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5
Q

E.

A

Quiescent stable cells (hepatocytes

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6
Q

F.

A

G1

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7
Q

G.

A

restriction point, centrosome duplication, and growth in mass

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8
Q

H.

A

check for DNA damage (G1/S checkpoint)

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9
Q

I.

A

chromosome duplication - S phase

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10
Q

J.

A

continuously cycling liable cells (epidermis and GI tract epithelium)

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11
Q

K.

A

G2

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12
Q

L.

A

check for damaged or unduplicated DNA (G2/M checkpoint)

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13
Q

Describe neoplasia in two words.

A

new growth

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14
Q

Define neoplasm.

A

a neoplasm is an abnormal mass of tissue, the growth of which is uncoordinated with that of the normal tissues and persists in an excessive manner after the cessation of the stimuli which evoked the change

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15
Q

What are the key features of neoplasia?

A

excessive growth, lack of responsiveness to normal growth controls, independent causal stimulus, hertiable from cell to cell

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16
Q

What are the cytologic criteria of malignancy?

A

anisocytosis, anisokaryosis, asymmetric mitotic figures, multinucleation, variable nucleolar size, and changes in nuclear cytoplasmic ratio

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17
Q

What is anisocytosis?

A

variation of cell size

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18
Q

What is anisokaryosis?

A

variation of nuclear size

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19
Q

What are the processes whereby a cell becomes neoplastic?

A

it becomes autonomous, they are not subject to normal growth controls, and they are free of normal structural and functional constraints

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20
Q

What are the differences between the causes of hyperplasia and neoplasia?

A

we know the cause for hyperplasia and we do not normally know the cause of neoplasia

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21
Q

How does the appearance differ between hyperplasia and neoplasia?

A

hyperplasia appears normalish and neoplasia appears normal to abnormal

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22
Q

What is the difference between usefullness in hyperplasia and neoplasia?

A

hyperplasia can be useful or not, neoplasia is not even remotely useful

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23
Q

What is the difference between spread in hyperplasia and neoplasia?

A

hyperplasia does not spread and neoplasia can spread locally or distantly

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24
Q

What is the difference in heritability between hyperplasia and neoplasia?

A

hyperplasia is not heritable and neoplasia is

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25
Q

What are some tumor-like lesions?

A

hamartoma and choristoma

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26
Q

What is a hamartoma?

A

a usually benign disorganized mature tissue in a normal anatomic location

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27
Q

What is a choristoma?

A

a normal mature tissue at an ectopic site

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28
Q

What is an example of a choristoma?

A

a dermoid

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29
Q

What is a dermoid?

A

a lesion of haired skin that is located on the cornea

30
Q

What is oncology?

A

the study of neoplasms/clinical field

31
Q

What is a tumor also known as?

A

a neoplasm

32
Q

What does benign mean?

A

unlikely to cause harm

33
Q

What does malignant mean?

A

likely to cause harm

34
Q

What is cancer?

A

a malignant neoplasm

35
Q

What is a carcinoma?

A

a malignant neoplasm of epithelial origin

36
Q

What tissues do carcinomas usually effect?

A

liver, kidney, skin, cornea, and mucous membranes

37
Q

What is a sarcoma?

A

a malignant neoplasm of mesenchymal origin

38
Q

What tissues do sarcomas usually effect?

A

cartilage, bone, and fibroblasts

39
Q

What is metastasis?

A

distant spread of a neoplasm; the secondary site

40
Q

What is an adenocarcinoma?

A

a malignant epithelial mass of glandular tissue origin

41
Q

What are the categories of classification of neoplasms?

A

histogenesis, behavior, grade, and stage

42
Q

What are the types of behavior a neoplasm could have?

A

benign or malignant

43
Q

What are the differentials for masses?

A

hyperplasia, abscess, neoplasia, and granuloma

44
Q

What are the categories of neoplasia?

A

round cell, epithelial, and mesenchymal

45
Q

What are the types of round cell neoplasias?

A

lymphoma, mast cell tumors, and plasma cell tumors

46
Q

What is a benign epithelial neoplasia?

A

adenoma

47
Q

What is a malignant epithelial neoplasia?

A

carcinoma

48
Q

What is a malignant mesenchymal neoplasia?

A

sarcoma

49
Q

What is a benign fibrocyte neoplasia?

A

fibroma

50
Q

What is a benign adipocyte neoplasia?

A

lipoma

51
Q

What is a benign bone neoplasia?

A

osteoma

52
Q

What is a benign glandular neoplasm?

A

adenoma

53
Q

What is a benign endothelium neoplasia?

A

hemangioma

54
Q

What is a benign cartilage neoplasia?

A

chondroma

55
Q

What is a benign mast cell neoplasia?

A

mast cell tumor

56
Q

What is a malignant fibrocyte neoplasia?

A

fibrosarcoma

57
Q

What is a malignant bone neoplasia?

A

osteosarcoma

58
Q

What is a malignant gland neoplasia?

A

adenocarcinoma

59
Q

What is a malignant bladder epithelium neoplasia?

A

transitional cell carcinoma

60
Q

What is a malignant smooth muscle neoplasia?

A

leiomyosarcoma

61
Q

What is a malignant striated muscle neoplasia?

A

radomyosarcoma

62
Q

What is a malignant adipocyte neoplasia?

A

lipsarcoma

63
Q

What is a malignant lymphocyte neoplasia?

A

lymphosarcoma or malignant lymphoma

64
Q

What is a benign melanocyte neoplasia?

A

melanoma or melanocytoma

65
Q

What is a malignant melanocyte neoplasia?

A

malignant melanoma

66
Q

What is a malignant cartilage neoplasia?

A

chondrosarcoma

67
Q

What is a malignant endothelium neoplasia?

A

hemangiosarcoma

68
Q

What is a benign adrenal medulla neoplasia?

A

theochromocytoma

69
Q

What is the purpose of classification of neoplasms?

A

the behavior of the neoplasm can help us determine the prognosis and treatment

70
Q

How is behavior of a neoplasm assessed?

A

by cytologic, gross, and microscopic figures

Pathology (22 decks)

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