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Pathology > Unit 3 - Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Unit 3 - Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

A.

A

mitosis; M

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2
Q

B.

A

cell division

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3
Q

C.

A

permanent cells (neurons and cardiac myocytes)

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4
Q

D.

A

G0

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5
Q

E.

A

Quiescent stable cells (hepatocytes

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6
Q

F.

A

G1

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7
Q

G.

A

restriction point, centrosome duplication, and growth in mass

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8
Q

H.

A

check for DNA damage (G1/S checkpoint)

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9
Q

I.

A

chromosome duplication - S phase

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10
Q

J.

A

continuously cycling liable cells (epidermis and GI tract epithelium)

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11
Q

K.

A

G2

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12
Q

L.

A

check for damaged or unduplicated DNA (G2/M checkpoint)

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13
Q

Describe neoplasia in two words.

A

new growth

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14
Q

Define neoplasm.

A

a neoplasm is an abnormal mass of tissue, the growth of which is uncoordinated with that of the normal tissues and persists in an excessive manner after the cessation of the stimuli which evoked the change

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15
Q

What are the key features of neoplasia?

A

excessive growth, lack of responsiveness to normal growth controls, independent causal stimulus, hertiable from cell to cell

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16
Q

What are the cytologic criteria of malignancy?

A

anisocytosis, anisokaryosis, asymmetric mitotic figures, multinucleation, variable nucleolar size, and changes in nuclear cytoplasmic ratio

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17
Q

What is anisocytosis?

A

variation of cell size

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18
Q

What is anisokaryosis?

A

variation of nuclear size

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19
Q

What are the processes whereby a cell becomes neoplastic?

A

it becomes autonomous, they are not subject to normal growth controls, and they are free of normal structural and functional constraints

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20
Q

What are the differences between the causes of hyperplasia and neoplasia?

A

we know the cause for hyperplasia and we do not normally know the cause of neoplasia

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21
Q

How does the appearance differ between hyperplasia and neoplasia?

A

hyperplasia appears normalish and neoplasia appears normal to abnormal

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22
Q

What is the difference between usefullness in hyperplasia and neoplasia?

A

hyperplasia can be useful or not, neoplasia is not even remotely useful

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23
Q

What is the difference between spread in hyperplasia and neoplasia?

A

hyperplasia does not spread and neoplasia can spread locally or distantly

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24
Q

What is the difference in heritability between hyperplasia and neoplasia?

A

hyperplasia is not heritable and neoplasia is

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25
What are some tumor-like lesions?
hamartoma and choristoma
26
What is a hamartoma?
a usually benign disorganized mature tissue in a normal anatomic location
27
What is a choristoma?
a normal mature tissue at an ectopic site
28
What is an example of a choristoma?
a dermoid
29
What is a dermoid?
a lesion of haired skin that is located on the cornea
30
What is oncology?
the study of neoplasms/clinical field
31
What is a tumor also known as?
a neoplasm
32
What does benign mean?
unlikely to cause harm
33
What does malignant mean?
likely to cause harm
34
What is cancer?
a malignant neoplasm
35
What is a carcinoma?
a malignant neoplasm of epithelial origin
36
What tissues do carcinomas usually effect?
liver, kidney, skin, cornea, and mucous membranes
37
What is a sarcoma?
a malignant neoplasm of mesenchymal origin
38
What tissues do sarcomas usually effect?
cartilage, bone, and fibroblasts
39
What is metastasis?
distant spread of a neoplasm; the secondary site
40
What is an adenocarcinoma?
a malignant epithelial mass of glandular tissue origin
41
What are the categories of classification of neoplasms?
histogenesis, behavior, grade, and stage
42
What are the types of behavior a neoplasm could have?
benign or malignant
43
What are the differentials for masses?
hyperplasia, abscess, neoplasia, and granuloma
44
What are the categories of neoplasia?
round cell, epithelial, and mesenchymal
45
What are the types of round cell neoplasias?
lymphoma, mast cell tumors, and plasma cell tumors
46
What is a benign epithelial neoplasia?
adenoma
47
What is a malignant epithelial neoplasia?
carcinoma
48
What is a malignant mesenchymal neoplasia?
sarcoma
49
What is a benign fibrocyte neoplasia?
fibroma
50
What is a benign adipocyte neoplasia?
lipoma
51
What is a benign bone neoplasia?
osteoma
52
What is a benign glandular neoplasm?
adenoma
53
What is a benign endothelium neoplasia?
hemangioma
54
What is a benign cartilage neoplasia?
chondroma
55
What is a benign mast cell neoplasia?
mast cell tumor
56
What is a malignant fibrocyte neoplasia?
fibrosarcoma
57
What is a malignant bone neoplasia?
osteosarcoma
58
What is a malignant gland neoplasia?
adenocarcinoma
59
What is a malignant bladder epithelium neoplasia?
transitional cell carcinoma
60
What is a malignant smooth muscle neoplasia?
leiomyosarcoma
61
What is a malignant striated muscle neoplasia?
radomyosarcoma
62
What is a malignant adipocyte neoplasia?
lipsarcoma
63
What is a malignant lymphocyte neoplasia?
lymphosarcoma or malignant lymphoma
64
What is a benign melanocyte neoplasia?
melanoma or melanocytoma
65
What is a malignant melanocyte neoplasia?
malignant melanoma
66
What is a malignant cartilage neoplasia?
chondrosarcoma
67
What is a malignant endothelium neoplasia?
hemangiosarcoma
68
What is a benign adrenal medulla neoplasia?
theochromocytoma
69
What is the purpose of classification of neoplasms?
the behavior of the neoplasm can help us determine the prognosis and treatment
70
How is behavior of a neoplasm assessed?
by cytologic, gross, and microscopic figures

Pathology (22 decks)

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