Diagrams and Other Info Flashcards
1
Q
1
A
pulmonary circulation
2
Q
2
A
systemic circulation
3
Q
3
A
500
4
Q
4
A
velocity of flow (mm/sec)
5
Q
5
A
120
6
Q
6
A
mean pressure (mm Hg)
7
Q
7
A
2.5
8
Q
8
A
cross-sectional area
9
Q
9
A
aorta
10
Q
10
A
arteries
11
Q
11
A
arterioles
12
Q
12
A
capillaries
13
Q
13
A
venules
14
Q
14
A
veins
15
Q
15
A
vena cava
16
Q
16
A
0.5
17
Q
17
A
3000
18
Q
What is virchow’s triad?
A
the three factors that can lead to thrombosis
19
Q
What are the three factors in Virchow’s triad?
A
abnormal blood flow, hypercoagubility, endothelial injury
20
Q
What is DIC?
A
disseminated intravascular coagulation
21
Q
1
A
primary disease
22
Q
2
A
endothelial damage
23
Q
3
A
microthrombi formation
24
Q
4
A
ischemic injury
25
5
multiple organ failure
26
6
consumption of platelets and coagulation factors
27
7
spontaneous
28
8
activation of fibrinolysis
29
9
fibrin degraation products
30
10
hemorrhagic diathesis
31
11
petechiae and ecchymoses
32
1
hypovolemic
33
2
neurogenic
34
3
cardiogenic
35
4
internal
36
5
external
37
6
increased vascular permeability
38
7
decreased blood volume
39
8
hemorrhage
40
9
DIC
41
10
endothelial damage
42
11
endotoxin increases TNF and cytokines
43
12
septic shock
44
13
decreased vasomotor tone
45
14
vasodilation
46
15
decreased venous return
47
16
decreased blood pressure
48
17
vasoconstriction
49
18
decreased cardiac output
50
19
decreased tissue perfusion
51
20
hypoxic cell inury
52
21
metabolic acidosis
53
22
heart failure
54
23
renal failure
55
What are the five parts of the morphological diagnosis for inflammation?
duration, distribution, exudate, anatomic modifiers, organ-it is
56
What do you term the process that results in the deposition of fibrin?
thrombus
57
A piece of a thrombus broke off and traveled down to a smaller artery where it becomes lodged, what is this called?
thromboembolism
58
Assume that the gut distal to the location of the lodged structure above received no collateral circulation. What term would be appropriate for the affected gut?
arterial infarct
59
If a piece of a thrombus completely occluded the nearby right renal artery, what term would you use for the resulting overall lesion in the right kidney?
renal infarct
60
What term would be appropriate for the type of damage to the individual renal tubular epithelial cells in the right kidney that is infarcted?
ischemia - coagulative necrosis
61
6Examination of the oral mucosa revealed numerous pinpoint flat bright red areas. What term would be appropriate for these lesions?
petechiae
62
The animal died 18 hours before it was necropsied. Besides the true lesions, what other changes might you expect to find?
post-mortem autolysis/decomposition
63
The brain of a dog has no gross lesions but the dog has demonstrated central nervous signs for the last 10 days. Microscopically most of the blood vessels of the cerebrum are surrounded with numerous lymphocytes. Provide a morphological diagnosis:
chronic, diffuse, lymphocitic perivasculitis
64
A dog has a 4 cm diameter nodular skin lesion that has been open and draining fluid for about 10 days. Microscopically the subcutis has evidence of plant material (likely a plant awn), a few neutrophils around the plant material, large numbers of macrophages surrounding the area, a few multinucleate cells, and narrow zone of fibroblast and new capillaries surrounding the entire process. Provide a morphological diagnosis:
chronic, focal, (pyo)granulomatous, dermititis
65
Repeated venipuncture over the last 4 days of the jugular vein of a cow has resulted in the formation of a large thrombus attached to the wall. Microscopically, within the vessel wall at the site of attachment has a zone of neutrophils in addition to platelets and fibrin making up the thrombus. Provide a morphological diagnosis:
subacute, focal, fibrinosuppurative phlebitis/perivasculitis
66
What type of adhesion is this?
fibrotic adhesion
67
What are the types of exudates associated with accute inflammation?
serous, fibrinous, fibrinonecrotic, mucoid or catarrhal, purulent or suppurative, eosinophilic, hemorrhagic, necrotizing
68
What are the types of exudates associated with chronic inflammation?
lymphocytic/plasmacytic, granulomatous, pyogranulomatous, fibrosing, proliferative
69
What are the four events following vessel injury?
vessel constriction, platelet activation and aggregation, coagulation cascade forms fibrin, fibrinolysis
70
What type of distribution is this?
focal
71
What type of distribution is this?
multifocal
72
What type of distribution is this?
locally extensive
73
What type of distribution is this?
diffuse
74
What does petechiae hemorrhage look like?
pin point regions of hemorrhage
75
What does ecchymosis hemorrhage look like?
large squared off areas of hemorrhage
76
What does purpura hemorrhage look like?
like petechia (pin point regions) but over many regions
77
What does paintbrush hemorrhage look like?
looks like someone painted it on - strokes
