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Pathology > Diagrams and Other Info > Flashcards

Diagrams and Other Info Flashcards

1
Q

1

A

pulmonary circulation

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2
Q

2

A

systemic circulation

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3
Q

3

A

500

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4
Q

4

A

velocity of flow (mm/sec)

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5
Q

5

A

120

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6
Q

6

A

mean pressure (mm Hg)

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7
Q

7

A

2.5

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8
Q

8

A

cross-sectional area

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9
Q

9

A

aorta

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10
Q

10

A

arteries

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11
Q

11

A

arterioles

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12
Q

12

A

capillaries

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13
Q

13

A

venules

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14
Q

14

A

veins

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15
Q

15

A

vena cava

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16
Q

16

A

0.5

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17
Q

17

A

3000

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18
Q

What is virchow’s triad?

A

the three factors that can lead to thrombosis

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19
Q

What are the three factors in Virchow’s triad?

A

abnormal blood flow, hypercoagubility, endothelial injury

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20
Q

What is DIC?

A

disseminated intravascular coagulation

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21
Q

1

A

primary disease

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22
Q

2

A

endothelial damage

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23
Q

3

A

microthrombi formation

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24
Q

4

A

ischemic injury

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25
Q

5

A

multiple organ failure

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26
Q

6

A

consumption of platelets and coagulation factors

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27
Q

7

A

spontaneous

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28
Q

8

A

activation of fibrinolysis

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29
Q

9

A

fibrin degraation products

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30
Q

10

A

hemorrhagic diathesis

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31
Q

11

A

petechiae and ecchymoses

32
Q

1

A

hypovolemic

33
Q

2

A

neurogenic

34
Q

3

A

cardiogenic

35
Q

4

A

internal

36
Q

5

A

external

37
Q

6

A

increased vascular permeability

38
Q

7

A

decreased blood volume

39
Q

8

A

hemorrhage

40
Q

9

A

DIC

41
Q

10

A

endothelial damage

42
Q

11

A

endotoxin increases TNF and cytokines

43
Q

12

A

septic shock

44
Q

13

A

decreased vasomotor tone

45
Q

14

A

vasodilation

46
Q

15

A

decreased venous return

47
Q

16

A

decreased blood pressure

48
Q

17

A

vasoconstriction

49
Q

18

A

decreased cardiac output

50
Q

19

A

decreased tissue perfusion

51
Q

20

A

hypoxic cell inury

52
Q

21

A

metabolic acidosis

53
Q

22

A

heart failure

54
Q

23

A

renal failure

55
Q

What are the five parts of the morphological diagnosis for inflammation?

A

duration, distribution, exudate, anatomic modifiers, organ-it is

56
Q

What do you term the process that results in the deposition of fibrin?

A

thrombus

57
Q

A piece of a thrombus broke off and traveled down to a smaller artery where it becomes lodged, what is this called?

A

thromboembolism

58
Q

Assume that the gut distal to the location of the lodged structure above received no collateral circulation. What term would be appropriate for the affected gut?

A

arterial infarct

59
Q

If a piece of a thrombus completely occluded the nearby right renal artery, what term would you use for the resulting overall lesion in the right kidney?

A

renal infarct

60
Q

What term would be appropriate for the type of damage to the individual renal tubular epithelial cells in the right kidney that is infarcted?

A

ischemia - coagulative necrosis

61
Q

6Examination of the oral mucosa revealed numerous pinpoint flat bright red areas. What term would be appropriate for these lesions?

A

petechiae

62
Q

The animal died 18 hours before it was necropsied. Besides the true lesions, what other changes might you expect to find?

A

post-mortem autolysis/decomposition

63
Q

The brain of a dog has no gross lesions but the dog has demonstrated central nervous signs for the last 10 days. Microscopically most of the blood vessels of the cerebrum are surrounded with numerous lymphocytes. Provide a morphological diagnosis:

A

chronic, diffuse, lymphocitic perivasculitis

64
Q

A dog has a 4 cm diameter nodular skin lesion that has been open and draining fluid for about 10 days. Microscopically the subcutis has evidence of plant material (likely a plant awn), a few neutrophils around the plant material, large numbers of macrophages surrounding the area, a few multinucleate cells, and narrow zone of fibroblast and new capillaries surrounding the entire process. Provide a morphological diagnosis:

A

chronic, focal, (pyo)granulomatous, dermititis

65
Q

Repeated venipuncture over the last 4 days of the jugular vein of a cow has resulted in the formation of a large thrombus attached to the wall. Microscopically, within the vessel wall at the site of attachment has a zone of neutrophils in addition to platelets and fibrin making up the thrombus. Provide a morphological diagnosis:

A

subacute, focal, fibrinosuppurative phlebitis/perivasculitis

66
Q

What type of adhesion is this?

A

fibrotic adhesion

67
Q

What are the types of exudates associated with accute inflammation?

A

serous, fibrinous, fibrinonecrotic, mucoid or catarrhal, purulent or suppurative, eosinophilic, hemorrhagic, necrotizing

68
Q

What are the types of exudates associated with chronic inflammation?

A

lymphocytic/plasmacytic, granulomatous, pyogranulomatous, fibrosing, proliferative

69
Q

What are the four events following vessel injury?

A

vessel constriction, platelet activation and aggregation, coagulation cascade forms fibrin, fibrinolysis

70
Q

What type of distribution is this?

A

focal

71
Q

What type of distribution is this?

A

multifocal

72
Q

What type of distribution is this?

A

locally extensive

73
Q

What type of distribution is this?

A

diffuse

74
Q

What does petechiae hemorrhage look like?

A

pin point regions of hemorrhage

75
Q

What does ecchymosis hemorrhage look like?

A

large squared off areas of hemorrhage

76
Q

What does purpura hemorrhage look like?

A

like petechia (pin point regions) but over many regions

77
Q

What does paintbrush hemorrhage look like?

A

looks like someone painted it on - strokes

Pathology (22 decks)

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