Unit 3 - Lecture 1

Question 1

A couple of days after being wounded, what does the body do in response?

Answer 1

inflammation, clot formation, and chemotaxis occurs

Question 2

Six to twelve days after wounding, how does the body respond?

Answer 2

proliferation, re-epithelialization, angiogenesis and granulation tissue, and provisional matrix

Question 3

Twelve days after wounding, how does the body respond?

Answer 3

maturation, collagen deposition, and wound contraction

Question 4

What are the goals of repair?

Answer 4

reconstiture injured tissue to optimal morphology and if that is not achievable replace injured tissue with viable tissue

Question 5

If injured tissue needs to be replaced, what type of tissue will replace it?

Answer 5

granulation tissue and then fibrous tissue

Question 6

What does parenchymal repair depend on?

Answer 6

capacity of residual cells to proliferate and stromal preservation

Question 7

What two things must be intact for stromal preservation?

Answer 7

the basement membrane and blood supply

Question 8

What are liable cells?

Answer 8

cells that renew

Question 9

What are examples of liable cells?

Answer 9

epithelium (especially in the skin and gut) and bone marrow

Question 10

What are stable cells?

Answer 10

cells that replace themselves as needed

Question 11

What are the categories for stable cells?

Answer 11

connective tissue cells and epithelial cells

Question 12

What type of connective tissue cells are stable cells?

Answer 12

fibroblasts, endothelial cells, bone, and cartilage

Question 13

What type of epithelial cells are stable cells?

Answer 13

liver, kdiney, and exocrine pancreatic acini cells

Question 14

What are permanent cells?

Answer 14

cells that are not replaced

Question 15

What are some examples of permanent cells?

Answer 15

myocardiocytes and neurons

Question 16

What is the most common type of repair?

Answer 16

repair by fibrous connective tissue

Question 17

What is fibrous connective tissue also known as?

Answer 17

scar tissue

Question 18

In granulation tissue, what direction do fibroblasts grow?

Answer 18

perpendicular to new blood vessels

Question 19

What forms the scab in granulation tissue?

Answer 19

neutrophils

Question 20

What are the two types of wound healing?

Answer 20

primary intention and secondary intention

Question 21

Characterize healing by first intention.

Answer 21

clean, incised, minimal infection, minimal foreign material

Question 22

When does second intention healing occur?

Answer 22

when the cut edges of the skin are not brought into appropriate aposition for healing

Question 23

What is delayed healing in second intention healing caused by?

Answer 23

increased necrotic debris, foreign material, infection, and presence of exuberant granulation tissue

Question 24

A.

Answer 24

activation of macrophages and lymphocytes

Question 25

B.

Answer 25

Growth factors - PDGF, FGF, TGF-beta

Question 26

C.

Answer 26

Cytokines - TNF, IL-1, IL-4, IL-13

Question 27

D.

Answer 27

decreased metalloproteinase activity

Question 28

E.

Answer 28

proliferation of fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and specialized fibrogenic cells

Question 29

F.

Answer 29

increased collagen synthesis

Question 30

G.

Answer 30

decreased collagen degradation

Question 31

H.

Answer 31

fibrosis

Question 32

A.

Answer 32

defect caused by loss or breakdown of epithelium and underlying tissue +/- infection

Question 33

B.

Answer 33

blood clot

Question 34

C.

Answer 34

necrotic slough

Question 35

D.

Answer 35

acute inflammation

Question 36

A.

Answer 36

slough and scab

Question 37

B.

Answer 37

epithelial proliferation

Question 38

C.

Answer 38

vascular granulation tissue

Question 39

D.

Answer 39

zone of hyperemia

Question 40

A.

Answer 40

epithelial proliferation across granulation tissue surface before gradually shedding scan

Question 41

B.

Answer 41

fibrous granulation tissue beginning to contract, pulling wound edges closer together

Question 42

C.

Answer 42

hyperemia

Question 43

A.

Answer 43

pale depressed scar with surrounding puckering caused by wound contraction

Question 44

B.

Answer 44

epidermis thin

Question 45

C.

Answer 45

dermal fibrous scar devoid of skin appendages

Question 46

What factors affect repair?

Answer 46

blood supply, infection, foreign body, wound stability, age, hormonal influences, nutritional status, and chemotherapeutic agents

Question 47

What is an example of a hormonal influence that prolongs wound healing?

Answer 47

diabetes

Question 48

What are the steps of angiogenesis?

Answer 48

1. proteolysis of the extracellular matrix 2.migration and chemotaxis 3.proliferation 4. lumen formation, maturation, and inhibition of growth 5. increased permeability through gaps and transcytosis

Question 49

1

Answer 49

injury/agent

Question 50

2

Answer 50

vascular response and cellular exudation

Question 51

3

Answer 51

acute exudation

Question 52

4

Answer 52

agent destroyed

Question 53

5

Answer 53

little or no necrosis

Question 54

6

Answer 54

exudate resolved ex. Friction blister

Question 55

7

Answer 55

resolution of normal

Question 56

8

Answer 56

exudate organized ex. Surgical incision

Question 57

9

Answer 57

scarring

Question 58

10

Answer 58

agent not quickly destroyed

Question 59

11

Answer 59

necrosis

Question 60

12

Answer 60

liable or stable cells

Question 61

13

Answer 61

framework intact ex. Toxic tubular nephrosis

Question 62

14

Answer 62

regeneration and resolution of normal

Question 63

15

Answer 63

framework destroyed ex. Gastric ulcer

Question 64

16

Answer 64

scarring

Question 65

17

Answer 65

permanent cells ex. Myocardial infarct

Question 66

18

Answer 66

scarring

Question 67

A.

Answer 67

epidermis

Question 68

B.

Answer 68

blood clot

Question 69

C.

Answer 69

dermis

Question 70

A.

Answer 70

redness and swelling

Question 71

B.

Answer 71

zone of acute inflammation, formation of granulation tissue

Question 72

A.

Answer 72

epithelial proliferation and repair (pinkish-red scar)

Question 73

B.

Answer 73

maturation fibrous granulation tissue

Question 74

A.

Answer 74

white scar