Unit 3 - Commercial Home and Personal Care 2 Flashcards
What are the different categories of batteries (not AA, AAA, C, 9V smart ass)?
Alkaline
Acidic
Lithium
What are the active ingredients in alkaline batteries?
K hydroxide, Na hydroxide
What are the active ingredients in acidic batteries?
Ammonium chloride, manganese dioxide
What are the active ingredients in lithium batteries?
Non-corrosive compounds - alkali effects
What is the MOA of alkaline batteries? Acidic?
Alkaline - liquefactive necrosis
Acidic - coagulative necrosis
What is the MOA of lithium batteries?
Energy generated between nodes → Electrolysis of NaCl → Sodium hydroxide produced → Tissue necrosis
What are the clinical signs of battery toxicosis?
Depression
Hypersalviation - licking lips, flipping tongue
Stomatitis - ulcerations
Hyperthermia
Vomiting - +/- blood
Abdominal pain - melena
What lesions are caused by battery toxicosis?
Ulcerations - oral, pharyngeal, esophageal
Esophageal perforation
Esophageal/GI strictures
How is battery toxicosis treated?
Dilution - water OR milk, lithium
Battery removal:
Radiographic imaging
Natural passage - laxatives, pass w/in 72 hours
Endoscopy/ Gastronomy - if in stomach after 48 hours
What are the sources of essential oil toxicosis?
Diffusing oils
Plug-in fresheners
Citronella candles
Shampoos
Skin ointments
Where are essential oils absorbed? Metabolized? Distributed? Excreted?
Well absorbed → skin, lungs, oral/GI tract
Metabolized in the liver - a number undergo glucouronidation
Distribution - wide, some cross the BBB
Excretion - kidney, some respiratory & fecal
Generally, what clinical signs are associated with essential oil toxicosis?
GI: irritation, burns, vomiting, diarrhea, norexia
Skin: corrosive burns
CNS: depression, tremors/ seizures, convulsions, coma
Cardiovascular: tachycardia, hypotension
Liver & kidney damage
What adverse effects are associated with liquid potpourri?
Corrosive because they often contain cationic agents
What clinical effects are associated with melaleuca oil?
CNS depression, Ataxia, tremors, severe hypothermia
What clinical effects are associated with citrus oils?
Phototoxicity, GI irritation
What clinical effects are associated with wintergreen & birch oils?
Similar to aspirin overdose
What toxin is contained in pennyroyal oil?
Pulegone
What clinical effects are associated with pennyroyal oil?
Hepatic necrosis and secondary hemorrhage
What shouldn’t you do when treating essential oils?
Do not induce emesis
How do you treat essential oil toxicosis?
Give activated charcoal
Fluids
GI protectants
+/- hepatoprotectants
How is essential oil toxicosis prevented?
Prevent animal access to oils
Be familiar with more severe oils
DO NOT apply concentrated oils directly to animals
Good ventilation if using diffusers
What are the types of adhesives that we run into?
Diisocyanates/Polyurethane
Cyanocrylates
Polyvinyl acetate
Why are cyanoacrylate adhesives problematic?
They are generally non-toxic if ingested but they do become irritating due to the instant bonding principles - hair, eyelids, skin
Oropharyngeal obstruction is rare
How is cyanoacrylate adhesive exposure treated?
Sedation for glue removal
Rinse eyes
Why is diphenylmethane diisocyanate a concerning compound?
Expandable nature
In what environment do Diphenylmethane diisocyanate adhesives like to expand?
In warm/moist environments - they expant 3-8x
How is diphenylmethane diisocyanate toxicosis diagnosed?
Radiographs
What clinical signs are associated with diphenylmethane diisocyanate?
Vomiting - +/- blood, dehydration
Anorexia
Abdominal distension
Pain
Lethargy
Anxiety
Hyperventilation
How are polyurethane adhesive (diphenylmethane diisocyanate) toxicoses treated?
DO give IV fluids
DO NOT induce emesis, give activated charchoal, give water or milk, give prokinetics
What are the sources of Naphthalene/Paradichlorbenzene?
Mothballs, cake deoderizers, diaper pailes
How many mothballs is toxic to small animals?
1
What increases the absorption rate of Naphthalene/Paradichlorbenzene?
A fatty meal
Where are Naphthalene/Paradichlorbenzene metabolized? Excreted?
Metabolized in the liver
Excreted in the urine, eggs, and milk
What is the MOA of Naphthalene/Paradichlorbenzene?
Toxic metabolite → Oxidative damage to RBCs → MetHb & Heinz body formation
What clinical signs are associated with naphthalene?
Naphthalene scented breath
Methemoglobinemia
Heinz body anemia
Hemolysis +/- icterus
Renal dysfunction
What clinical signs are associated with paradichlorobenzene toxicosis?
Vomiting
Tremors
Seizures
What CBC results are consistent with Naphthalene/ Paradichlorbenzene toxicosis?
↓ PCV (anemia), heinz bodies
What samples are used for histopathic diagnosis of Naphthalene/
Paradichlorbenzene toxicosis?
Liver, kidney, and GI tract
What is urine used for when diagnosing Naphthalene/
Paradichlorbenzene toxicosis?
Compound detection - make sure to corelate results with clinical signs
How is naphthalene toxicosis treated?
Decontamination - emesis (< 2 hours), activated charcoal, cathartic
1% methylene blue
Bicarbonate fluids
How is paradichlorobenzene toxicosis treated?
Decontamination
Fluids
Benzodiazapenes
What are paintballs made up of?
Composition: polyethylene glycol, glycerin, sorbitol, sodium (hypernatremia)
What clinical signs are associated with paintball toxicosis?
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Ataxia
Tremors
How is paintball toxicosis treated?
Fluids
Correct Acid-base imbalances
