Unit 3 - Commercial Home and Personal Care 1 Flashcards
What are the different forms of cleaning products that are involved in toxicosis (general categories)?
Acids
Alkalis
Bleaches
Detergents
Disinfectants
Acids are (caustic/corrosive) and alkalis are (caustic/corrosive).
Acids are corrosive
Alkalis are caustic
What do corrosive products do?
They damage inorganic and organic material
What do caustic products do?
They dissolve the structure of an object - burn by degrading organic tissue
Are alkalis or acids more severe?
Alkalis have more severe effects
What are the common acids in our cleaning products?
Hydrochloric, sulfuric, phosphoric, oxalic
What are the sources of acid toxicosis?
Toilet bowl cleaners
metal cleaners
battery fluid
swimming pool cleaners
What are the common alkalis we encounter?
Sodium hydroxide
Sodium hypochlorite
An alkali with a pH of <12 is an ______, where as an alkali with a pH >12 causes severe ______.
irritant
burns
What are the sources of alkali toxicosis?
Drain cleaners
Denture cleaners
Cationic detergents
What is the MOA of acids?
coagulative necrosis
limited penetration
immediate/intense pain
What is the MOA of alkalis?
Liquefactive necrosis
Deep penetration - perforation
+/- delayed sensation of burns
What are the clinical signs of acid/alkali toxicosis dependent on?
Concentration, pH, and duration of exposure
What clinical signs are consistent with acid/alkali toxicosis?
Feed refusal
Dysphagia
Pytalism
Bloody vomiting
Abdominal pain
Polydipsia
Blindness
+/- respiratory distress
What lesions do acids cause?
Burns/ ulcerations in the oral cavity
Esophageal lesions are rare
Laryngeal swelling & spasms
Corneal ulceration
Acute inflammation (dark gray - black burns, nitric acid = yellowing of skin)
What lesions do alkalis cause?
+/- oral burns
Corneal ulceration
Esophgeal lesions - full thickness burns, perforation
GI - bleeding, pyloric burns
Esophageal & GI lesions result in tissue scarring, esophageal stricture, & pyloric stenosis
How is acid/alkali toxicosis treated?
DO NOT induce emesis
Administer milk - dilute the acid/alkali content
Administer GI protectants
NPO - nasogastric tube and IV fluids
Butorphanol tartrate - pain management
+/- corticosteriods
Rinse eyes and monitor for corneal ulceration
Wash skin with liquid detergent
What is acid/alkali toxicosis dependent on?
type of exposure
Solvents are made up of what toxic product?
Hydrocarbons - aliphatic, alicyclic, or aromatic
T/F: Aliphatic hydrocarbons are more toxic than aromatic
False: Aromatic > aliphatic
What are the sources of solvents for toxicosis cases?
Paint thinners/strippers - toluene, methylene chloride, turpentine, acetone
Gasoline
Kerosene
How are pets exposed to solvents?
Inhalation, ingestion, and dermal
What is the MOA of solvents?
Cell and mucosal damage - eye,skin, GI, and respiratory irritation
What are the clinical effects of solvents?
GI: Vomiting, bloat, anorexia
CNS: Depression, tremors, convulsions, coma
Skin & Eye: Epithelial damage
Hematological: Bone marrow suppression
Heart: Cardiac arrest
Liver & Kidney damage
What samples are taken for the diagnosis of solvent toxicosis?
Blood
Serum
Radiographs
What CBC results are consistent with solvent toxicosis?
Hemoconcentration
Anemia
Thrombocytopenia
Leukopenia
What serum results are consistent with solvent toxicosis?
Hypoglycemia and azotemia
What will you see on radiographs in a patient with solvent toxicosis?
Aspiration pneumonia
How do you treat solvent toxicosis?
Antibiotics
Cage rest
Treat for shock
+/- Blood transfusion
What is contraindicated for the treatment of solvents?
Emesis, gastric lavage, corticosteroids, activated charcoal
When dealing with acid/alkali toxicosis cases, what protective measures should you take?
Wear proper PPE
Read the instructions
Don’t eat it….
What is the pH of bleach?
> 12
What are the active agents of bleach that are of concern?
Sodium hypochlorite
Sodium peroxide
Sodium perborate
What are the sources of bleach toxicosis?
Toilet bowl cleaners
Laundry detergents
Swimming pool cleaner
What species is commonly exposed to bleach products?
Dogs
What is the MOA of bleach?
Dependent on the compounds
Na hypochlorite - produces chlorine gas when combined with acid of alkali
Na peroxide - Decomposes in the GI tract → Gastric irritation
Na perborate - Decomposes to peroxide & borate → Gastric irritation
Clinical signs of bleach toxicosis is dependent on what?
concentration, pH, and duration of exposure
What clinical signs are associated with bleach toxicosis?
Pytalism
Vomiting
Dysphagia
Oral ulcerations
Coughing
Choking
What clin path results are consistent with bleach toxicosis?
Metabolic acidosis
Elevated Na
Elevated Cl
How is bleach toxicosis diagnosed?
History of exposure and associated clinical signs and lesions
What lesions are associated with bleach toxicosis?
Irritaiton/ inflammation: pharynx, glottis, larynx, lungs
Corneal ulceration - direct exposure, chlorine gas
Pulmonary edema
How is bleach toxicosis treated?
DO NOT induce emesis
Administer milk - dilute the acid/alkali content
Monitor electrolyte levels - IV fluids
Administer GI protectants
NPO - nasogastric tube
Butorphanol tartrate - pain management
+/- corticosteriods
Rinse eyes and monitor for corneal ulceration
Wash skin with liquid detergent
If you aren’t wearing the proper PPE, what can bleach do to you?
Cause irritation to the eyes, skin, and mucosa
What are the sources of nonionic detergents?
Soap, laundry detergent, dishwashing detergent
T/F: Nonionic detergents are nearly non-toxic.
True
What clinical signs are associated with nonionic detergent toxicosis?
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
What clin path results are consistent with nonionic detergent toxicosis?
Electrolyte imbalances
Alkalosis due to vomiting
How is nonionic detergent toxicosis treated?
Decontamination - dilute with milk and water
Supportive
What are the sources of anionic detergents?
Laundry and electronic dishwasher (Sulfonated hydrocarbons and phosphorylated hydrocarbons)
At a moderate toxic dose, what do anionic detergents do?
they pose as an irritant
What do anionic detergents do at a high toxic dose?
Electronic detergents
T/F: Anionic detergents have hemolytic properties and are nephrotoxic.
True
What clinical signs are associated with anionic detergent toxicosis?
GI - nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
What lesions are associated with anionic deterget toxicosis?
Pharyngeal and esophageal burns
How is anionic detergent toxicosis treated?
Decontamination - dilute with milk & water
Supportive care
What are the sources of cationic detergents?
Fabric softeners, germicides, sanitizers
What are the active agents in cationic detergents?
Quaternary ammonias - suspected cholinesterase inhibitors
T/F: Cationic detergents are nearly non-toxic
False - they are highly toxic
What are the clinical signs associated with cationic detergents?
Salivation, weakness, CNS depression, respiratory depression, seizures
How do you treat cationic detergent toxicosis?
Decontamination - NO EMESIS, milk, water, egg whites
suportive care - analgesics, GI protectants, demulcents
What are the sources of soap toxicosis?
Bars and liquid soaps
What clinical signs are associated with soap toxicosis?
Mild GI irritant - emesis and diarrhea
What soap form is more toxic?
Homemade
How is soap toxicosis treated?
Symptomatic
What is the MOA of phenols?
Denature of proteins and alters cell wall permeability
Direct irritation of membranes
stimulation of the respiratory center (alkalosis)
Concentrated phenols are extremely _______.
Corrosive
What is the toxicokinetics of phenols?
Rapid GI absorption, limited skin absorption
Metabolized in liver (cats can’t conjugate)
Excreted in the urine
What clinical signs are associated with phenol toxicosis?
Onset: Minutes
Pain
Mucosal ulcers/necrosis
Mydriasis
Tremors/convulsions
Incoordination
+/- Icterus
What lesions are associated with phenol toxicosis?
Dermal necrosis
Hepatic necrosis
Renal tubular necrosis
Respiratory inflammation
What clin path abnormalities are associated with phenol toxicosis?
Proteinuria
Hematuria
Urinary casts
↑ Liver enzymes
What are the toxicokinetics of pine oils?
Pine oils - readily absorbed
Pine sol - slowly/poorly absorbed in GI
Metabolized in liver
Distributes to brain, lung, kidney
Excreted in urine - glucuronide metabolites
T/F: Cats are more susceptible to pine oil toxicosis.
True
What clinical signs are associated with pine oil toxicosis?
GI - bloody vomit, diarrhea
CNS - depression, coma
Renal dysfunction
What lesions are associated with pine oil toxicosis?
Gastroenteritis
Pulmonary edema - if inhaled
Renal tubular necrosis
Centrilobular necrosis (cats)
How is pine oil toxicosis treated?
Decontamination:
Egg whites OR milk
Activated charcoal
DO NOT induce emesis
Gastric lavage is contraindicated
Dermal - bathe with liquid soap
Supportive care - Tx shock, correct metabolic imbalancees, prevent liver & kidney failure
What are the sources of isopropyl alcohol for toxicosis cases?
Alchohol wipes, commercial disinfectants, windshield deicing agents
T/F: Isopropyl alcohol is readily absorbed and metabolized.
Trrue
What clinical signs are associated with isopropyl alcohol toxicosis?
Behavioral changes:
Excitability
↑ vocalization
Incontinence
vomiting
Acetone breath
CNS:
Ataxia - loss of reflexes
Drowsiness/ Depression
Respiratory & Cardiac - depression & Arrest
Death
How is Isopropyl alcohol toxicosis diagnosed?
Blood alcohol concentration
History of exposure
Clinical signs
How is isopropyl alcohol toxicosis treated?
Decontamination ASAP:
Emetics, gastric lavage, isothermic water
Supportive care:
Maintain ventilation - Respiratory stimulants, O2, +/- mechanical ventilation
Maintain balance - Acid-base, electrolyte, fluids
Maintain body temp - Keep animal warm
