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Toxicology > Unit 1 - Insecticides > Flashcards

Unit 1 - Insecticides Flashcards

1
Q

What are the classical insecticides that cause toxicosis?

A

Chlorinated hydrocarbons, pyrethrins/pyrethroids, organophosphates, carbamates, amitraz, and nicotine

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2
Q

What are the novel insecticides that cause toxicosis?

A

Dimethyltoluamide (DEET), fipronil, imidacloprid, and hydramethylnon

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3
Q

What are the 5 common incidences of insecticide poisoning?

A

Accidental incorporation into animal feed
Mis-use OR mis-calculation for external parasites
Accidental access/exposure to pesticides
Malicious poisoning
Low level exposure - cumulative residues

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4
Q

When assessing insecticides, what considerations must be taken?

A

Formulation, toxicity, product type, and if they are a restricted use pesticide

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5
Q

What are the sources of chlorinated hydrocarbons?

A

Environment, bioaccumulation, malicious poisonings, and old stored products

Most are banned in the US

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6
Q

Where do chlorinated hydrocarbons distribute most commonly?

A

Fat, brain, liver, kidney - they like fatty tissue

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7
Q

Where are chlorinated hydrocarbons excreted?

A

bile and milk

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8
Q

How may starvation play a role in chlorinated hydrocarbon toxicosis?

A

Fats stores are mobilized during starvation. Since it targets fat it will be mobilized too (can be in blood stream)

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9
Q

What is the MOA of chlorinated hydrocarbons?

A

They increase stimulation of the nervous system by either decreasing the action potential threshold or inhibits post synaptic binding of GABA

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10
Q

When is the onset of clinical signs for chlorinated hydrocarbons toxicosis?

A

Several hours

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11
Q

What are the early clinical signs for chlorinated hydrocarbon toxicosis?

A 
Nausea - vomiting and salivation
Ataxia 
Hyperexcitability 
Tremors
Chewing
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12
Q

What are the advanced clinical signs for chlorinated hydrocarbon toxicosis?

A

Seizures (2-3 day duration)
Recumbency - paddling and opisthotonus
Clamped jaw

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13
Q

What avian clinical signs are associated with chlorinated hydrocarbon toxicosis?

A

Blindness, incoordination, abnormal posturing, sudden death, and decreased reproduction

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14
Q

What are the preferred samples for diagnosing acute chlorinated hydrocarbon toxicosis?

A

Brain and liver

Blood and GI contents works too

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15
Q

What samples do you want to use to diagnose chronic chlorinated hydrocarbon toxicosis?

A

Fat, blood, milk, and eggs

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16
Q

What sample should you take if you have a living emaciated animal that you suspect chlorinated hydrocarbon toxicosis in?

A

Whole blood

17
Q

T/F - There is no antidote for chlorinated hydrocarbon toxicosis

A

True

18
Q

How is chlorinated hydrocarbon toxicosis treated?

A

Detoxification - activated charcoal if it has been within 4 hours and wash with detergent/soap
Control seizures
PROTECT YOURSELF

19
Q

What food safety impact do chlorinated hydrocarbons have?

A

There is a high volume of distribution - there are residues in tissue, it is excreted in milk and eggs, and there is a high potential for relay toxicosis

20
Q

What should you do if you have a case of chlorinated hydrocarbon toxicosis?

A

Reportable disease and communication with a state veterinarian

21
Q

What is the difference between pyrethrins and pyrethroids?

A

Pyrethrins are unstable and natural extracts of Chryysanthemum sp.
Pyrethroids are stable and synthetic

22
Q

What about the name of pyrethrins/pyrethroids will help you ID them?

A

Almost all of them end in -thrin

23
Q

What are the sources of pyrethrins/pyrethroids?

A

Premise fly control products, pet products, accidental exposure, and agricultural products

24
Q

What is the MOA of pyrethrins/pyrethroids?

A

They increase the stimulation of the nervous system by either decreasing the AP threshold or inhibition of the post synaptic GABA gated Cl channels

25
Q

When is the onset of clinical signs for pyrethrin/pyrethroid toxicosis?

A

<1 hr

26
Q

What clinical signs are associated with pyrethrin/pyrethroid toxicosis?

A

Tremors, seizures, vomiting, salivation, and skin irritation

27
Q

What additional side effects are associated with type 2 pyrethrin/pyrethroid toxicosis?

A

Abnormal posture and weakness

28
Q

When is the onset of clinical signs for pyrethrin/pyrethroid toxicosis in cats?

A

minutes - 3 hours

29
Q

What clinical signs do cats get with pyrethrin/pyrethroid toxicosis?

A

Salivation and vomiting
Abnormal behavior - tail flicking, paw shaking, skin twitching, and abnormal leg positioning
Tremors and seizures within 12-18 hours

30
Q

If treated, when do clinical signs associated with pyrethrin/pyrethroid toxicosis go away in cats?

A

Within 24-72 hours

31
Q

If left untreated, when will death occur in cats with pyrethrin/pyrethroid toxicosis?

A

Within 24 hours

32
Q

What samples do you want to have to diagnose pyrethrin/pyrethroid toxicosis?

A

Blood and serum

Skin and Brain

33
Q

What will you see on serum chemistry in pyrethrin/pyrethroid toxicosis cases?

A

Increase in PMNs and hypoglycemia

34
Q

How is pyrethrin/pyrethroid toxicosis treated?

A

Eliminate exposure, decontaminate, control neurologic symptoms, and relieve hyperthermia

35
Q

What species are very sensitive to pyrethrin/pyrethroid toxicosis?

A

Cats and fish

36
Q

What pyrethrins/pyrethroids are a food safety issue?

A

Fenvaleret, cypermethrin, flucythrinate, and permethrin

Toxicology (32 decks)

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