Unit 1 - Insecticides Flashcards
What are the classical insecticides that cause toxicosis?
Chlorinated hydrocarbons, pyrethrins/pyrethroids, organophosphates, carbamates, amitraz, and nicotine
What are the novel insecticides that cause toxicosis?
Dimethyltoluamide (DEET), fipronil, imidacloprid, and hydramethylnon
What are the 5 common incidences of insecticide poisoning?
Accidental incorporation into animal feed
Mis-use OR mis-calculation for external parasites
Accidental access/exposure to pesticides
Malicious poisoning
Low level exposure - cumulative residues
When assessing insecticides, what considerations must be taken?
Formulation, toxicity, product type, and if they are a restricted use pesticide
What are the sources of chlorinated hydrocarbons?
Environment, bioaccumulation, malicious poisonings, and old stored products
Most are banned in the US
Where do chlorinated hydrocarbons distribute most commonly?
Fat, brain, liver, kidney - they like fatty tissue
Where are chlorinated hydrocarbons excreted?
bile and milk
How may starvation play a role in chlorinated hydrocarbon toxicosis?
Fats stores are mobilized during starvation. Since it targets fat it will be mobilized too (can be in blood stream)
What is the MOA of chlorinated hydrocarbons?
They increase stimulation of the nervous system by either decreasing the action potential threshold or inhibits post synaptic binding of GABA
When is the onset of clinical signs for chlorinated hydrocarbons toxicosis?
Several hours
What are the early clinical signs for chlorinated hydrocarbon toxicosis?
Nausea - vomiting and salivation Ataxia Hyperexcitability Tremors Chewing
What are the advanced clinical signs for chlorinated hydrocarbon toxicosis?
Seizures (2-3 day duration)
Recumbency - paddling and opisthotonus
Clamped jaw
What avian clinical signs are associated with chlorinated hydrocarbon toxicosis?
Blindness, incoordination, abnormal posturing, sudden death, and decreased reproduction
What are the preferred samples for diagnosing acute chlorinated hydrocarbon toxicosis?
Brain and liver
Blood and GI contents works too
What samples do you want to use to diagnose chronic chlorinated hydrocarbon toxicosis?
Fat, blood, milk, and eggs
What sample should you take if you have a living emaciated animal that you suspect chlorinated hydrocarbon toxicosis in?
Whole blood
T/F - There is no antidote for chlorinated hydrocarbon toxicosis
True
How is chlorinated hydrocarbon toxicosis treated?
Detoxification - activated charcoal if it has been within 4 hours and wash with detergent/soap
Control seizures
PROTECT YOURSELF
What food safety impact do chlorinated hydrocarbons have?
There is a high volume of distribution - there are residues in tissue, it is excreted in milk and eggs, and there is a high potential for relay toxicosis
What should you do if you have a case of chlorinated hydrocarbon toxicosis?
Reportable disease and communication with a state veterinarian
What is the difference between pyrethrins and pyrethroids?
Pyrethrins are unstable and natural extracts of Chryysanthemum sp.
Pyrethroids are stable and synthetic
What about the name of pyrethrins/pyrethroids will help you ID them?
Almost all of them end in -thrin
What are the sources of pyrethrins/pyrethroids?
Premise fly control products, pet products, accidental exposure, and agricultural products
What is the MOA of pyrethrins/pyrethroids?
They increase the stimulation of the nervous system by either decreasing the AP threshold or inhibition of the post synaptic GABA gated Cl channels
When is the onset of clinical signs for pyrethrin/pyrethroid toxicosis?
<1 hr
What clinical signs are associated with pyrethrin/pyrethroid toxicosis?
Tremors, seizures, vomiting, salivation, and skin irritation
What additional side effects are associated with type 2 pyrethrin/pyrethroid toxicosis?
Abnormal posture and weakness
When is the onset of clinical signs for pyrethrin/pyrethroid toxicosis in cats?
minutes - 3 hours
What clinical signs do cats get with pyrethrin/pyrethroid toxicosis?
Salivation and vomiting
Abnormal behavior - tail flicking, paw shaking, skin twitching, and abnormal leg positioning
Tremors and seizures within 12-18 hours
If treated, when do clinical signs associated with pyrethrin/pyrethroid toxicosis go away in cats?
Within 24-72 hours
If left untreated, when will death occur in cats with pyrethrin/pyrethroid toxicosis?
Within 24 hours
What samples do you want to have to diagnose pyrethrin/pyrethroid toxicosis?
Blood and serum
Skin and Brain
What will you see on serum chemistry in pyrethrin/pyrethroid toxicosis cases?
Increase in PMNs and hypoglycemia
How is pyrethrin/pyrethroid toxicosis treated?
Eliminate exposure, decontaminate, control neurologic symptoms, and relieve hyperthermia
What species are very sensitive to pyrethrin/pyrethroid toxicosis?
Cats and fish
What pyrethrins/pyrethroids are a food safety issue?
Fenvaleret, cypermethrin, flucythrinate, and permethrin
