Unit 2 - Feed Related Toxicity Flashcards
What is the veterinarians responsibility in regards to feed related toxicology problems?
Diagnosis and confirm active problem
Educate clients
What are the common feed related problems that toxicologists encounter?
Nutrient imbalances, improper use of ingredients, contamination of feed, feed refusal, vomitoxin, excessive nutrients, inadequate storage/fermentation, low H2O intake, moldy feed or hay, and residues
What are the main causes of nutrient imbalances in feed?
Mis-formulations Wrong feed label Incorrect use/ species Antagonists Cutting rations Barn break-in Cheap feed
T/F - Visual presence or absence of mold correlates to mycotoxin concentration.
False - Visual presence or absence of mold doesn’t correlate to mycotoxin concentration
What is sodium ion toxicosis/water deprivation caused by?
Extensive periods (24-48 hours) without water followed by unrestricted access
In what species is sodium ion toxicosis/water deprivation common?
Swine (most commonly reported), cattle, dogs
What are the common causes of swine sodium ion toxicosis/water deprivation?
Forgetting to turn water on Broken equipment Salt vein from well Frozen lines Distasteful water High sodium diet Unfamiliar waterers Travel
What are the common causes of cattle sodium ion toxicosis/water deprivation?
Bucket fed, restricted water, oil well brine
What are the common causes of dog sodium ion toxicosis/water deprivation?
Cured meats, homemade playdough, and sea water
What is the MOA of sodium ion toxicosis/water deprivation?
- Na moves into neurons with dehydration
- Increased brain Na, decreased glycolysis
- Decreased energy in neuron
- ATPase pump impaired
- Na unable to escape
- Unrestricted H2O access
- H2O moves into neurons
- Edema and brain swelling
What clinical signs are associated with sodium ion toxicosis/water deprivation in swine?
Rapid onset Thirst Constipation/dry feces Recumbent and paddling Blindness Head pressing Jaw chomping Head jerking Seizures/convulsions
What clinical signs are associated with sodium ion toxicosis/water deprivation in cattle?
Onset within hours Tremors Ataxia Recumbency and paddling Blindness Head pressing Circling
What clinical signs are associated with sodium ion toxicosis/water deprivation in doggos?
GI upset, vomiting, diarrhea, PU/PD, and tremors
How is sodium ion toxicosis/water deprivation diagnosed?
History and consistent clinical signs
What question should you ask if you are suspicious of a sodium ion toxicosis/water deprivation case?
Are the animals actually drinking the water?
