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Toxicology > Unit 1 - Optimizing Detection of Toxins > Flashcards

Unit 1 - Optimizing Detection of Toxins Flashcards

1
Q

What is diagnostic toxicology?

A

A practice to investigate cases of potential toxin involvement in animals

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2
Q

Why is diagnostic toxicology done?

A

Animal health and welfare and food safety and human health

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3
Q

How is diagnostic toxicology accomplished?

A

A variety of analytical tests and knowledge of veterinary medicine

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4
Q

What recent events are important to know that may precede a morbidity/morality event?

A

Feed deliveries, recent transportation, compound applications, changes to the environment, new facilities, and trivial events

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5
Q

What toxicosis cases may happen more in early spring?

A

Lead (cracked batteries) and insecticide (planting/spraying)

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6
Q

What toxicosis cases may happen more in mid-spring?

A

Nitrate/Urea (fertilizers)

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7
Q

What toxicosis cases may happen more in late spring?

A

Poisonous plants

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8
Q

What toxicosis cases may happen more in late spring to early summer?

A

BG algae

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9
Q

What toxicosis cases may happen more in fall?

A

Nitrate/cyanide (Accumulation w/in plants during growing season)

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10
Q

What toxicosis cases may happen more in late fall to early winter?

A

H2S (manure pit pumping)

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11
Q

What toxicosis cases may happen more in winter?

A

Caffeine and theobromine (holiday chocolates and candies)

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12
Q

How can wet/cool spring weather affect grains and feedstuffs?

A

Accumulation of Ergot toxin

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13
Q

How can hot/drought weather affect grains and feedstuffs?

A

Accumulation of aflatoxin and nitrate

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14
Q

How can wet summer weather affect grains and feedstuffs?

A

Accumulation of zearalenone and vomitoxin

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15
Q

How does flooding lead to toxic scenarios?

A

Contamination of grains and water

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16
Q

What may tell you that there was an intentional/malicious poisoning?

A

History of arguments, confrontations, and odd happenings
Recent reports of suspicious animal deaths and odd behavior
Bait has been found

17
Q

If you smell rotten fish/garlic at post mortem, what should you suspect is the causative agent?

A

Zn phosphide

18
Q

If you smell a sweet smell at post mortem, what should you suspect is the causative agent?

A

Antifreeze

19
Q

If you smell almonds at post mortem, what should you suspect is the causative agent?

A

Cyanide

20
Q

A liver or kidney sample would be good for detecting what toxin?

A

Metals, minerals, drugs, chemical compounds, etc.

Basically anything that would be filtered through them

21
Q

An ocular fluid sample would be good for detecting what toxin?

A

Ammonia, nitrate, and thiosulfate

22
Q

T/F: You can get an ocular fluid sample from a live patient.

A

False - don’t do it

23
Q

A stomach/rumen content sample would be good for detecting what toxin?

A

Ammonia, poisonous plants, and chemical compounds

24
Q

A brain sample would be good for detecting what toxin?

A

Pesticides, enzyme activity, Na

25
Q

A fat sample would be good for detecting what toxin?

A

Pesticides

26
Q

A urine sample would be good for detecting what?

A

Drug and toxic compound metabolites

27
Q

A skin/hair sample would be good for detecting what?

A

Topical exposure or chronic accumulation of metals

28
Q

What supplementary tissues may you need for microscopic evaluation and confirmation of certain toxicoses?

A

Lung, heart, skeletal muscle, spleen, and bone

29
Q

What ante-mortem samples can you get in cases of toxicosis?

A

Blood, serum, vomitus, and urine

30
Q

Whole blood should go in a ______ top tube.

A

Purple

31
Q

Serum should go in a ____ top tube.

A

Red

32
Q

What is the protocol for collecting GI contents in potential toxin cases?

A

Collect it ASAP and freeze in an airtight container

33
Q

The majority of error in feed analysis is due to errors in ______.

A

sampling

34
Q

What is the protocol for feed analysis sample collection?

A

Collect multiple sub samples and mix well to create a composite pooled sample
Keep chilled or frozen

35
Q

How much water should you collect for a water sample?

A

500 mL but make sure to run water for a few seconds before sampling

36
Q

T/F: It is okay to pool samples in toxicology.

A

False - DONT DO IT - you are attempting to quantitate concentration of toxic agents

Toxicology (32 decks)

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