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Bio 1020 > Unit 1 Ish > Flashcards

Unit 1 Ish Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is biology?

A

The study of life

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2
Q

What are the 4 defining characteristics of life?

A
  • order
  • process of energy
  • respond to the environment
  • reproduce and grow
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3
Q

What are genes?

A

Units of inheritance

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4
Q

What is the biospere

A

All environments

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5
Q

What are communities

A

All organisms in an ecosystem

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6
Q

What is a population?

A

All individuals in a species

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7
Q

What is tissue?

A

Groups of cells

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8
Q

What are cells?

A

The fundamental units of life

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9
Q

What are organelles

A

Components of cells

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10
Q

What are molicules

A

The chemical structure

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11
Q

How do you classify a species from most inclusive to least

A
  • domain
  • kingdom
  • class
  • order
  • family
  • genus
  • species
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12
Q

What is the main method used by biologists

A
  • observe
  • hypothesis testing
  • prediction
  • experiment
  • results
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13
Q

What is a covalent bond

A

When 2 atoms share an elecron

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14
Q

What are some properties of H2O

A
  • more electronegative
  • asymmetrical arrangement
  • areas around oxygen are more negative because of a stronger pull on the electrons
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15
Q

How does a plant use water?

A

Water molecules are cohesive so they will adhere to the walls of plants

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16
Q

What is hydrophilic?

A

Has an affinity for water

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17
Q

What is hydrophobic

A

Doesn’t like water

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18
Q

Why is water different from other liquids when heat is applied to it

A

The temperature of the water will change less that any other liquid with the same heat applied

19
Q

As the temperature decreases in water what happens to hydrogen bonding?

A

Becomes more ordered

20
Q

What is a solution

A

Liquid that is a homogeneous mixture of substances

21
Q

What is an aqueous solution?

A

Solutes dissolved in solvent

22
Q

What is the concintration?

A

Number of solute molecules for a given volume of solvent

23
Q

What decreases the freezing points of aqueous solutions?

A

Presents of solutes

24
Q

What is the calculations for PH and hydrogen levels?

A

PH=-log(H)

25
Q

As PH goes down how to hydrogen and hydroxide react?

A

H increases

OH decreases

26
Q

What makes a solution basic/acidic?

A

Basic-more hydroxide (OH)

Acidic-more hydrogen ions (H)

27
Q

What are a lot of aquatic organisms skeletons made of

A

Calcium carbonate

28
Q

What does a buffer do?

A

Minimizes changes in concentration of H/OH

29
Q

What does a buffer consist of?

A

Acid base pair

30
Q

What is a hydrocarbon

A

Only C and H

31
Q

What are functional groups?

A

Components of organic molecules, most commonly involved in chemical reactions

32
Q

What are important chemical groups in organic molecules that are hydrophilic?

A 
Hydroxyl
Carbonyl
Carboxyl
Amino
Phosphate
33
Q

What are the important organic chemical groups that are not hydrophilic?

A

Sulfhydryl

Methyl (non reactive)

34
Q

What is hydroxyl

A

-OH
CALLED ALCOHOLS
polar (on the end) hydrogen bonds

35
Q

What is carboNyl

A 
O
    //
-C
    \
Called aldehydes when terminal (on end) with H
Called ketones (not terminal)
36
Q

What is a carboXyl

A 
O
   //
-C
    \
    OH
it is polar and can act as an acid (donate a proton)
37
Q

What is an amino

A 
H
    /
-N
    \
    H
Called amines
Acts as base
Can pick up H
38
Q

What is sulfhydryl?

A

-SH
called thiols
“Cross link” proteins
Polar

39
Q

What does it mean for a molecule to be a geometric isomer

A

Same covalent arrangement, different spatial arrangements

40
Q

What is a structural isomer?

A

Different covalent arrangements of there atoms

41
Q

What’s the difference between a cis isomer and a trans isomer

A

Cis- x’s are on the same side

Trans- x’s are on different sides

42
Q

What is a enantiomer

A

Mirror images of each other in molecules where one Corbin has four different groups attached

43
Q

What is a polymer?

A

They are made of smaller repeating sub units called monomers

Bio 1020 (21 decks)

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