Lecture 11 Flashcards
What is a electrogenic pump?
Pumps protons into the extracellular fluid using atp against gradient, must use atp or H+ will diffuse back into the cell
What is bulk transport and what are the two types of it
- bulk transport is large molecules such as proteins and polysaccharides cross the membrane in bulk via vesicles (needs atp)
- 2 types: 1. Exocytosis is release from the cell
2. Endocytosis is uptake
What are the sites of enzyme activity?
- cytosol
- membranes : plasma, endo, mitochondrial, thylakoid
How are enzymes formed
They are inherited from a common anstor similarities in structure and function
What can change an enzymes structure
Artificial selection which can cause mutations in he DNA or amino acid changes in the enzyme
What is enzyme activity?
Total amount of reactant over concerted to product over time
What does the activity of each enzyme molecule depend on
- PH, temperature etc
- concentrations of substrates and products
- inhibitors and activators
What is a coenzyme?
Organic cofactor eg vitimins
How can a substrate activate an enzyme?
By stabilizing it
What are the 2 ways something can progeny enzyme activity
- Bins to active sight and prevent substrate binding-competitive inhibition
- Bins to another sight-change in enzyme shape that prevents substrate binding- non competitive inhibition
What is a proton pump?
Pumps hydrogen ions out of the cell against gradient using atp
What is a sucrose hydrogen transport?
Allows hydrogen back into the cell which releases energy and that energy is used to move sucrose against the gradient
What is catabolism and anabolism
Catabolism releases energy and breaks up a large molecule into smaller molecules which are used for anabolism which is the opposite of catabolism
