Lecture 6 Flashcards
What are the major types of lipids?
- fatty acids
- triglycerides/triacylglycerol- storage
- phospholipids cell membranes
- sterols/ steroids
How can fatty acids differ from each other
Chain length
Presence, number and position of double bond
Isomers
Fatty acids always start with?
A carboxyl
What’s the difference between saturated monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids
Saturated - no double bonds
Monounsaturated - one double bond
Polyunsaturated - 2 or more double bonds
How do you name fatty acids?
Location of the first double bond in the carbon chain from methyl end
What is a triacylglycerol
3 fatty acid attached to a glycerol backbone
What is glycerol?
3 carbon skeleton with hydrogens and hydroxyls
How does a triacylglycerol form?
Formed by dehydration reaction between hydroxyl and carbonyl. Helped by enzyme
How are trans days made?
Hydrogenation of veggie oils produces unsaturated fats with trans double bonds
- exist in nature but rare
- solid at room temp
What are phospholipids
2 fatty acids and a phosphate group (charged) attached to a glycerol
Define amphipathic
Describes a molecule with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions
Describe the head and tail of phospholipids
Head is hydrophilic and interact with themselves
Tail is hydrophobic interact with each other
What is the main structure of a steroid? And what do they do
4 carbon rings, component of cell membrane, precursor to sex hormones
What is the process of digestion of dietary macromolecules?
Triglycerides hydrolyzed by enzymes into fatty acids and mono glycerides. Move into intestinal cells and recombined into water soluble particle for export
What is homeouscous adaption?
Change in phospholipid composition of a membrane to counter temperature induced change
