Lecture 14 Flashcards
Where is the majority of atp produced?
By oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondrion
Describe ATP synthesis in cellular resperation
- NADH and FADH2 transported into mitochondrion
- shuttling protons and electrons that were originally in glucose
Describe oxidative phosphorylation: electron transfer
- inside the cell: NADH and FADH2 oxidized by protein complexes of electron transport chain
- electrons passed among complexes to oxygen via carriers called coenzyme Q and cytochrome c
- oxygen reduced to water with electrons and H+
What is chemiosmosis
Use of H+ gradient to drive work
When H ions move from the inter-membrane space to to the matrix without going through ATP what is this called and how does it happen
- uncoupled process
- poisons called ionosphere can make membranes permeable to ions like H+
- proteins called uncoupling proteins facilitate diffusion of H+ ions back in
What is brown fat?
- High density of uncoupling proteins in mitochondria
- generates heat without shivering
What are obligate aerobes
Organisms that use must use oxygen in glucose catabolism
What are obligate anaerobes
Use an electron transport chain with alternate electron acceptor such as sulphate instead of oxygen
What is the substrate of fermentation?
Pyruvate
What are the two ways of fermentation?
- alcohol-pyruvate reduces to ethanol
- lactate- pyruvate reduces to lactate
How did the earliest prokaryote likely produce atp?
Glycolysis and fermentation
Describe catabolism of proteins
- digested to amino acids
- amino groups- feed glycolysis or the citric acid cycle
- ammonia produced
Describe the catabolism of fats
- Hydrolyzed to glycerol, can feel glycolysis
- fatty acids feed into citric cycle
