Evolution Flashcards
When did Charles Darwin publish the origin of species
1859
What was the phrase Darwin used instead of evolution?
Decent with modification
What helped lay the ground work for Darwin’s ideas?
The study of fossils
What are fossils?
Remains or traces of organisms from the past, usually formed sedimentary rock, which appears in layers of strata
What was lamarks hypothesis
That species evolve through the use and disuse of body parts and the inheritance of acquired characteristics
Where did Darwin get his samples from his trip around the world?
South American plants and animals
What were Darwin’s 2 main ideas?
- decent with modification explains life’s unity and diversity
- natural selection is a cause of adaptive evolution
What was Darwin’s first fact?
If all the offspring of all the species were able to grow and reproduce all species would row exponentially
What’s Darwin’s second fact?
Most populations are normally stable in size, except seasonal fluctuations
Darwin’s third law?
Natural resources are limited
What was Darwin’s first inference?
Production of more individuals than the environment can support leads to a struggle for existence among individuals of a population with only a fraction of offspring surviving each generation
What was Darwin’s fourth fact?
Individuals of a population vary extensively in their characteristics; no two individuals are the same
What is Darwin’s fifth fact?
Much variation Is heritable
What was Darwin’s second inference?
Survival in the struggle for existence is not random, but depends in part on the heredity constitution of surviving individuals. Best fit make more offspring sending there genes to their offspring
What is Darwin’s third inference?
His unequal ability of individuals to survive and reproduce will lead to a gradual change in population, with favourable characteristics accumulating over the generations
What is evolution
The Chang won populations over time
What organisms did Darwin study in the Galapagos?
Tortoises and finches
How many children did Darwin have?
10
What does the drug 3TC do?
Designed to interfere and cause errors in the manufacturing of DNA from the virus (some mutants survive and reproduce)
Natural selection does not creat what? What does it do instead?
It does not create traits, it edits or selects for traits already present in the population
What does the fossil record provide in terms of evolution
Evidence of extinction of species from the origin of new groups and changes of groups over time
What is homology?
Similarity resulting from common ansester
What are homologous structures
Anatomical resemblances that represent variations on a structural theme present in a common ancestor
What does comparative embryology reveal?
Anatomical homologous not visible in adult organisms
What is convergent evolution
The evolution of similar or analogous , features in distantly related groups
