Cell division (mitosis) Flashcards
What is the continuity of life based on?
Cell division
What the thing that distinguishes living from non-living
Ability to divide and reproduce
What do multicellular organisms depend on cell division for?
- development from fertilized cell
- growth
- repair
What is the cell cycle and what is the most integral part of it?
Life of a cell and cell division
What types of cells do not produce identical daughter cells
- sperm
- eggs
- ganetes
- spores
What does all the DNA in a cell constitute too?
The genome
Every eukaryotic cell has a characteristic number of what?
Number of chromosomes in each cell nucleus
What’s a somatic cell and how many sets of chromosomes does it have?
Non reproductive cell and 2 sets of chromosomes
What a gamete?
A cell with half as many chromosomes (sperm eggs etc)
What do eukaryotic chromosomes consist of?
Chromatin, a complex of DNA and protein that condensed during cell division
What does eukaryotic cell division consist of?
- mitosis (division of the nucleus)
- cytokinesis (division of the cytoplasm)
What are gametes and spores produced by?
A variation of cell division call miosis, which yields non ideantical daughter cells which only has 1 set of chromosomes
What are the 2 main phases on the cell cycle
- Mitotic phase ( M phase, mitosis and cytocynesis)
- interphase (cell growth and and copying of chromosomes in prep for division
What are the three sub phases of the interphase?
G1 (first gap) S phase (syntheses makes more dna) G2 phase(second gap)
When does the cell grow?
During all three phases
What are the five phases of mitosis
- prophase
- promotaphase
- metaphase
- anaphase
- telophase
What is the mitotic spindle?
It is and apparatus of microtubules that’s control chromosome movements
What happens during the prophase
- Assembly of spindle microtubules begins in the centrosome (the microtubule organizing center)
- then the centrosome duplicates and migrate to opposite ends of the cell as spindle microtubules grow out of them
What is an aster?
A radical array of short molecules extends from each centrosome
What’s the difference between animal cell and plant cell cytokinesis
- Animal cell is called cleavage and it pinches
- plant cell is called cell plate and a cell wall deprecated the two cells
What is binary fission?
Prokaryotes cell division, chromosome replicated and migrates apart
What does the spindle include?
- the centrosome
- the spindle microtubules
- asters
Describe metaphase?
All chromosomes are lined up along metaphase plate (midway point of cell)
Describe anaphase
Chromatids separate and move along the keneticore (middle of chromosome) microtubules toward opposite ends of the cell
How do the microtubules shorten?
By depolymerization at the keneticore ends
What happened in telaphase?
Genetically identical daught nuclei form at opposite end of the cell
