Carbs Flashcards
What is the molecule in carbohydrates and what are there roles?
CH2O and multiples of C6H12O6
Roles: fuel, carbon energy storage, structural component
What are the components of a carbohydrate polymer
Monosaccharide (sugar)
Glycosidic linkage
What does the suffix “ose” imply?
Monosaccharide
What is a monosaccharide and what does it vary in?
- Molecule with carbonyl group and carbon back bone
- varies in number of carbon in skeleton, position of carbonyl group, ring structures, and enantiomers
Define Aldose and ketose
Aldose- aldehyde sugar( carboxyl on the end)
Ketose- ketone sugar (carboxyl not on end)
How does a monosaccharide form a ring?
Reaction between a carbonyl of #1 carbon and hydroxyl of #5 carbon
What is polymerization?
When two polysaccharides react and attach due too dehydration (OH +OH - H2O + O) forms glycoside linkage with O
What are the functions of polysaccharides?
Structure: plants- cellulose
Arthropods, fungi- chitin
Storage of surplus carbon
Plants- starch
Animals- glycogen
(Requires very little water)How does start glucose form?
Bonds form as in maltose.
1-4 linkage of Alfa glucose monomers
How does cellulose form
1-4 linkage beta glucose
Binding must occur different in glucose: need two hydroxyls
What are some characteristics of polysaccharides?
Very branched molecule
Found in liver and muscle
What kind of polysaccharide is strong and flexible
Arthropod and fungal
What’s a nucleotide?
Composed of nucleoside (nitrogenous base and pentose sugar) and phosphate
What are pyrimidines, purines thymine and uracil
Pyrimidines -single ring
Purines - double ring
Thymine - only found in DNA
Uracil - only found in RNA
What are 5 carbon sugars called?
Pentode sugars
