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Biol B1 Unit 1 > Unit 1 Exam > Flashcards

Unit 1 Exam Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 7 attributes of life?

A

order
response to stimuli
reproduction
evolutionary adaptation
growth and development
regulation and homeostasis
energy processing

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2
Q

what are the organization levels of life in order?

A

atoms
molecules
organelles
cells
tissues
organs
organisms
population
community
ecosystem
biosphere

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3
Q

what is pseudoscience?

A

science based on beliefs and practices

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4
Q

what is the independent variable?

A

the variable that we manipulate or change in the experiment

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5
Q

what is the dependent variable?

A

the variable that is directly affected by the independent variable

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6
Q

what is a control group?

A

the control group is the group that does not receive any change in the variable

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7
Q

what is the hypothesis?

A

the hypothesis is a proposed explanation of a problem or situation

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8
Q

what is the theory?

A

when a hypothesis is tested and proved true multiple times
comes last

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9
Q

what are the 3 domains of life?

A

bacteria
archae
eukaryotes

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10
Q

what are the levels of classification in order?

A

domain
kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species

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11
Q

what is diffusion?

A

the movement of molecules from high to low to achieve equilibrium

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12
Q

what is facilitated diffusion?

A

assisted diffusion through protein channels

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13
Q

what is osmosis?

A

the molecule being moved is specifically water or the solvent

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14
Q

does osmosis require energy?

A

no

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15
Q

does osmosis go from high to low?

A

yes

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16
Q

what is active transport?

A

moving of molecules against the concetration gradientd

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17
Q

does active transport require energy or ATP?

A

yes

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18
Q

does active transport move high to low?

A

no : it goes against the natural current

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19
Q

what is hypertonic

A

when you have more solute than you do solvent

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20
Q

what is hypotonic?

A

when you have more solvent than you do solute

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21
Q

what is isotonic?

A

when solvent and solute are equal in both sides

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22
Q

what do plants prefer to be?

A

hypotonic

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23
Q

what does cell walls dp?

A

protect and provide rigidity

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24
Q

what do animal cells prefer to be ?

A

isotonic

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25
Q

if you have saltwater is it hypertonic or hypotonic?

A

hypertonic

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26
Q

is freshwater hypertonic or hypotonic?

A

hypotonic

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27
Q

what is solute?

A

what gets dissolved by the solvent

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28
Q

what is solvent?

A

what dissolves the solute (think liquid)wh

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29
Q

what is the universal solvent?

A

water

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30
Q

what does isotope differ in?

A

neutrons

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31
Q

what stays the same in isotopes?

A

protons and electrons

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32
Q

are all radioactive isotopes bad?

A

no: some just decay naturally

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33
Q

what part of the phospholipid loves water?

A

head

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34
Q

what part of the phospholipid hates water?

A

fatty acid tail

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35
Q

what type of cells are lysosomes found in?

A

only animal cells

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36
Q

what do ribosomes do?

A

synthesizes proteins

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37
Q

what does mitochondria do?

A

the powerhouse of the cell and make ATP/ Energy to run cells

38
Q

what does the cytoplasm do?

A

jello like substance that holds organelles

39
Q

what does chloroplasts do?

A

uses light through photosynthesis to make sugars/ food for plants

40
Q

what does the cell wall do?

A

regulates what goes in and out of the cell

41
Q

what is the endoplasmic reticulum?

A

folds proteins and transports them in vesicles

42
Q

what does the rough ER Do?

A

synthesizes proteins

43
Q

what does the smooth ER do?

A

synthesizes lipids

44
Q

which type of ER has ribosomes?

A

rough ER Only

45
Q

what does the golgi body do?

A

modifies, tags and sorts and distributes to other parts of the cell

46
Q

what is endosymbiotic theory?

A

some of the organelles in eukaryotic cells were once prokaryotic micorbes

47
Q

what type of evidence is there to support endosymbiotic theory?

A

mitochondria has its own DNA and nucleus

48
Q

what is cell theory?

A

cells are the smallest unit of life and all things came from cells

49
Q

what do prokaryotes do not have?

A

no nucleus
mitochondria
membrane bound organelles

50
Q

what do all cells have?

A

ribosome
cytoplasm
DNA
plasma membrane

51
Q

what makes up 95 percent of eukaryotes?

A

carbon
hydrogen
oxygen
nitrogen

52
Q

which bond is the weakest?

A

hydrogen

53
Q

what does an ionic bond do?

A

steals electrons

54
Q

what does a covalent bond do?

A

shares electrons

55
Q

what is a polar covalent bond?

A

when the bond shares electrons unequally

56
Q

what is a non polar covalent bond?

A

when the bond shares electrons equally 50/50

57
Q

what is a hydrogen bond?

A

bond between 2 water molecules

58
Q

what does polar molecules have?

A

a charge

59
Q

what is pH?

A

refers to something as basic or acidic

60
Q

what pH level is considered neutral?

A

7

61
Q

what pH level is considered acidic?

A

less than 7

62
Q

what pH level is considered basic?

A

more than 7

63
Q

what are the 3 parts of the amino acid?

A

amino group
carboxyl group
side chain group

64
Q

which group determines what type of amino acid?

A

the side chain group

65
Q

what is monosaccharide?

A

the monomer of carbohydrates

66
Q

what is polysaccharide?

A

the polymer of carbohydrates

67
Q

what is saturated fat?

A

where its bond has a double bond in its carbon chain

68
Q

what is unsaturated fats?

A

where its bond only has a single bond in its carbon chain

69
Q

what is cellulose?

A

fiber of a plant cell

70
Q

what is glycogen?

A

stored form of glucose

71
Q

where is glycogen found in?

A

animal cells only

72
Q

what is starch?

A

stores energy for plants

73
Q

how many electrons can be in the first shell ?

A

2

74
Q

how many electrons can be in the second shell?

A

up to 8

75
Q

what is inside the two shells?

A

protons and neutrons

76
Q

what is membrane?

A

fluid

77
Q

what drifts in the membrane plane?

A

phospholipids

78
Q

what floats in the phospholipid sea?

A

proteins

79
Q

what links amino acids together?

A

polypeptides

80
Q

what does polypeptide primary Strucutre look like?

A

string of pearls

81
Q

what does secondary structure look like?

A

pleated sheet or alpha helix

82
Q

what does tertiary strucuture look like

A

giant blob

83
Q

what does quantenary strucutre look like?

A

a bunch of blobs

84
Q

what are line graphs used for?

A

for continuous variables and when the variables rely on each other

85
Q

when are bar graphs used?

A

to compare categorical data

86
Q

when are pie graphs used ?

A

to represent the composition of a whole and also used when you know the sample size

87
Q

why do line graphs sometimes have more than one line?

A

because it is needed for multiple sets of data

88
Q

which variable goes on the x-axis?

A

the independent variable (or the one that we manipulate)

89
Q

which variable goes on the y- axis?

A

the dependent variable (or the one that is affected by the independent variable)

90
Q

is the x - axis horizontal or vertical?

A

horizontal

91
Q

is the y - axis horizontal or vertical?

A

vertical

92
Q

what is the most important things in graphs?

A

title the entire graph
title the x - axis
title the y - axis

Biol B1 Unit 1 (17 decks)

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