Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biol B1 Unit 1 > Mitosis and Meiosis > Flashcards

Mitosis and Meiosis Flashcards

1
Q

what is DNA made up of

A

nucleic acids (monomer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

do prokaryotes have a nucleus

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what type of DNA does prokaryotes have

A

single looped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

does eukaryotes have a nucleus

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what type of DNA does eukaryotes have

A

non looped chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what bonds in the middle of DNA

A

hydrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what type of Structure does a DNA have

A

helix Structure with 2 strands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how many chromosomes do we have

A

23 from mom
23 from dad
46 total

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is a chromatid

A

1 stick of chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what does mitosis do

A

makes a copy of the chromosome and makes sister chromatids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is a homologous chromosomes

A

mom and dad pair of the same chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the centromere

A

holds sister chromatids before getting torn apart through mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is a sister chromosome

A

2 identical chromatids linked at centromere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

different species can have

A

different number of chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are 2 kinds of cellular respiration

A

mitosis and meiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

mitosis can copy all chromosomes except

A

gender chromosomes or sex linked chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the purpose of mitosis

A

growth
repair
asexual reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what type of cells results from mitosis

A

diploid 2n and somatic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the purpose of meiosis

A

sexual reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what type of cells are a result of meiosis

A

haploid cells n and gamete cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is somatic cells

A

every cell except sex cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is gamete cells

A

sex cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

haploid cells cut chromosomes down by

A

1/2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are the steps of mitosis

A

1st duplication of all chromosomes
2nd distribution via mitosis
3rd 2 exact daughter cells are made

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what are the 2 main phases of mitosis

A

interphase and mitotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what happens during interphase

A

cell growth
DNA duplicated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what happens during mitotic phase

A

DNA separated and cell divides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what happens during interphase check point G1

A

cell growth by eating and collecting nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what happens during interphase check point G2

A

cell growth you can physically see by doubling organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what happens during interphase check point S

A

DNA synthesis or copying and making sister chromatids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

in the mitotic phase 2 sister chromatids

A

seperate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what is a centrosome

A

region where the centriole pairs are located

33
Q

what does centrosome establish

A

your poles

34
Q

what happens during cytokinesis

A

cell division

35
Q

what is the goal of prophase

A

gain access to the chromosomes in the nucleus

36
Q

what happens during prophase

A

nuclear envelope dissolves
centrosomes move to opposite poles
mitotic spindle push the centrosomes move to opposite poles
sister chromatids begin to coil tightly

37
Q

what happens during metaphase

A

chromosomes align in a plane
each sister chromatids attaches to spindle microtubules at the centromere

38
Q

what happens during anaphase

A

sister chromatids split apart at the centromere
each chromatid pulled toward the centrosome
cell becomes visibly elongated

39
Q

what happens during telophase

A

reverse of 1st 3 steps
chromosomes unravel
mitotic spindles dissolve
nuclear envelopes form around chromosomes

40
Q

which cell s have the cleavage furrow

A

animals

41
Q

which cells have the phase plate

A

plants

42
Q

what happens during cytokinesis

A

physically seperate right down the cleavage furrow

43
Q

what is cancer

A

mitosis on steriods

44
Q

what do checkpoints do

A

check for errors before replication

45
Q

what happens if an error is found at a checkpoint

A

apoptis

46
Q

what is apoptis

A

programmed cell death

47
Q

does cancer have checkpoints

A

no

48
Q

cancer is uncontrolled

A

cell division

49
Q

what are sources of genetic mutations

A

exposure to carcinogens
DNA copy error
genetic inheritance from parents
viruses
your environment

50
Q

what types of tumors are there

A

benign and malignant

51
Q

what do benign tumors do

A

grows but doesn’t invade

52
Q

what do malignant tumors do

A

cancer that invades tissues

53
Q

what are some cancer treatments

A

tumor removal
chemotherapy
radiation therapy

54
Q

how many chromosomes do you end with in mitosis

A

46

55
Q

how many chromosomes do you end with in meiosis

A

23

56
Q

meiosis undergoes how many rounds of division

A

2

57
Q

which meiosis looks most similar to mitosis

A

meiosis 2

58
Q

are gametes haploid or diploid

A

haploid

59
Q

male is

A

xy

60
Q

female is

A

xx

61
Q

what is the steps of meiosis 1 in order

A

interphase
prophase 1
metaphase 1
anaphase 1
telophase 1
cytokinesis

62
Q

what happens during interphase 1

A

double chromosomes

63
Q

what happens in prophase 1

A

homologous chromosomes pair up and cross over segments

64
Q

what happens in metaphase 1

A

pairs of homologous chromosomes line up in independent assortment

65
Q

what happens in anaphase 1

A

pair of homologous chromosomes split upw

66
Q

what happens in telophase 1 and cytokinesis

A

2 haploid cells form and chromosomes are still doubled

67
Q

what happens in meiosis 2

A

the same steps in meiosis 1 but end up with 4 haploid cells that are diverse

68
Q

what are the origins of genetic variation

A

crossing over
independent assortment of chromosomes
random fertlization

69
Q

what is crossing over

A

homologous chromosomes exchange peices of genetic info and forms new genetic combinations

70
Q

when does crossing over occur

A

meiosis 1 and prophase 1

71
Q

when does independent assortment occur

A

occurs in meiosis 1 and metaphase 1

72
Q

what is independent assortment

A

every chromosome pair orients independently of the others

73
Q

what is random fertlization

A

single egg meets a single sperm
over 8.3 million combos

74
Q

what happens when meiosis goes wrong

A

abnormal amount of chromosomes

75
Q

what is nondisjunction in meiosis 1

A

pair of homologous chromosomes fails to seperate

76
Q

what is nondisjunction in meiosis 2

A

pair of sister chromatids fails to seperate

77
Q

which chromosome cause down syndrome

A

an extra 21 chromosome

78
Q

how many copies are there of chromosomes 21

A

3

Biol B1 Unit 1 (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions