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Biol B1 Unit 1 > Mitosis and Meiosis > Flashcards

Mitosis and Meiosis Flashcards

1
Q

what is DNA made up of

A

nucleic acids (monomer)

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2
Q

do prokaryotes have a nucleus

A

no

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3
Q

what type of DNA does prokaryotes have

A

single looped

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4
Q

does eukaryotes have a nucleus

A

yes

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5
Q

what type of DNA does eukaryotes have

A

non looped chromosomes

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6
Q

what bonds in the middle of DNA

A

hydrogen

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7
Q

what type of Structure does a DNA have

A

helix Structure with 2 strands

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8
Q

how many chromosomes do we have

A

23 from mom
23 from dad
46 total

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9
Q

what is a chromatid

A

1 stick of chromosomes

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10
Q

what does mitosis do

A

makes a copy of the chromosome and makes sister chromatids

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11
Q

what is a homologous chromosomes

A

mom and dad pair of the same chromosomes

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12
Q

what is the centromere

A

holds sister chromatids before getting torn apart through mitosis

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13
Q

what is a sister chromosome

A

2 identical chromatids linked at centromere

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14
Q

different species can have

A

different number of chromosomes

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15
Q

what are 2 kinds of cellular respiration

A

mitosis and meiosis

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16
Q

mitosis can copy all chromosomes except

A

gender chromosomes or sex linked chromosomes

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17
Q

what is the purpose of mitosis

A

growth
repair
asexual reproduction

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18
Q

what type of cells results from mitosis

A

diploid 2n and somatic cells

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19
Q

what is the purpose of meiosis

A

sexual reproduction

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20
Q

what type of cells are a result of meiosis

A

haploid cells n and gamete cells

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21
Q

what is somatic cells

A

every cell except sex cells

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22
Q

what is gamete cells

A

sex cells

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23
Q

haploid cells cut chromosomes down by

A

1/2

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24
Q

what are the steps of mitosis

A

1st duplication of all chromosomes
2nd distribution via mitosis
3rd 2 exact daughter cells are made

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25
what are the 2 main phases of mitosis
interphase and mitotic
26
what happens during interphase
cell growth DNA duplicated
27
what happens during mitotic phase
DNA separated and cell divides
28
what happens during interphase check point G1
cell growth by eating and collecting nutrients
29
what happens during interphase check point G2
cell growth you can physically see by doubling organelles
30
what happens during interphase check point S
DNA synthesis or copying and making sister chromatids
31
in the mitotic phase 2 sister chromatids
seperate
32
what is a centrosome
region where the centriole pairs are located
33
what does centrosome establish
your poles
34
what happens during cytokinesis
cell division
35
what is the goal of prophase
gain access to the chromosomes in the nucleus
36
what happens during prophase
nuclear envelope dissolves centrosomes move to opposite poles mitotic spindle push the centrosomes move to opposite poles sister chromatids begin to coil tightly
37
what happens during metaphase
chromosomes align in a plane each sister chromatids attaches to spindle microtubules at the centromere
38
what happens during anaphase
sister chromatids split apart at the centromere each chromatid pulled toward the centrosome cell becomes visibly elongated
39
what happens during telophase
reverse of 1st 3 steps chromosomes unravel mitotic spindles dissolve nuclear envelopes form around chromosomes
40
which cell s have the cleavage furrow
animals
41
which cells have the phase plate
plants
42
what happens during cytokinesis
physically seperate right down the cleavage furrow
43
what is cancer
mitosis on steriods
44
what do checkpoints do
check for errors before replication
45
what happens if an error is found at a checkpoint
apoptis
46
what is apoptis
programmed cell death
47
does cancer have checkpoints
no
48
cancer is uncontrolled
cell division
49
what are sources of genetic mutations
exposure to carcinogens DNA copy error genetic inheritance from parents viruses your environment
50
what types of tumors are there
benign and malignant
51
what do benign tumors do
grows but doesn't invade
52
what do malignant tumors do
cancer that invades tissues
53
what are some cancer treatments
tumor removal chemotherapy radiation therapy
54
how many chromosomes do you end with in mitosis
46
55
how many chromosomes do you end with in meiosis
23
56
meiosis undergoes how many rounds of division
2
57
which meiosis looks most similar to mitosis
meiosis 2
58
are gametes haploid or diploid
haploid
59
male is
xy
60
female is
xx
61
what is the steps of meiosis 1 in order
interphase prophase 1 metaphase 1 anaphase 1 telophase 1 cytokinesis
62
what happens during interphase 1
double chromosomes
63
what happens in prophase 1
homologous chromosomes pair up and cross over segments
64
what happens in metaphase 1
pairs of homologous chromosomes line up in independent assortment
65
what happens in anaphase 1
pair of homologous chromosomes split upw
66
what happens in telophase 1 and cytokinesis
2 haploid cells form and chromosomes are still doubled
67
what happens in meiosis 2
the same steps in meiosis 1 but end up with 4 haploid cells that are diverse
68
what are the origins of genetic variation
crossing over independent assortment of chromosomes random fertlization
69
what is crossing over
homologous chromosomes exchange peices of genetic info and forms new genetic combinations
70
when does crossing over occur
meiosis 1 and prophase 1
71
when does independent assortment occur
occurs in meiosis 1 and metaphase 1
72
what is independent assortment
every chromosome pair orients independently of the others
73
what is random fertlization
single egg meets a single sperm over 8.3 million combos
74
what happens when meiosis goes wrong
abnormal amount of chromosomes
75
what is nondisjunction in meiosis 1
pair of homologous chromosomes fails to seperate
76
what is nondisjunction in meiosis 2
pair of sister chromatids fails to seperate
77
which chromosome cause down syndrome
an extra 21 chromosome
78
how many copies are there of chromosomes 21
3

Biol B1 Unit 1 (17 decks)

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