Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biol B1 Unit 1 > exam 3 > Flashcards

exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

nucleotide =

A

phosphate + sugar + nitrogen base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the backbone made up of

A

phosphate group and 5 carbon sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

DNA’s 5 carbon sugar is

A

deoxyribose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

RNA’s 5 carbon sugar is

A

ribose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is in the rungs of the double helix

A

nitrogen bases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the nitrogen bases in DNA

A

adenine (a)
thymine (t)
guanine (g)
cytosine (c)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the nitrogen bases in RNA

A

adenine (a)
uracil (u)
guanine (g)
cytosine (c)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the complementary base pairing for DNA

A

A = T
G = C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the complementary base pairing for RNA

A

A = U
G = C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how many hydrogen bonds does A = T base pairing have

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how many hydrogen bonds does G = C base pairing have

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is transcription

A

DNA converting to RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is translation

A

making of proteins using RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is DNA or RNA made up of

A

nucleotides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

DNA is double or single stranded

A

double stranded

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

RNA is double or single stranded

A

single stranded

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what carries out translation

A

ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is RNA polymerase

A

an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactions that synthesize RNA from DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

who discovered DNA structure

A

rosalind franklin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is semiconservative replication

A

enzymes unzip your DNA which seperated the 2 backbones
then copies the new strand (DNA polymerase) synthesizes both parent strands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is a codon

A

sequence of 3 nucleotides in a DNA or RNA that codes for a specific amino acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how many nucleotides are in a codon

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is electrophoresis

A

a lab technique used to seperate DNA , RNA, and protein molecules based on their size and electrical charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

when do we use electrophoresis

A

during finger profiling or DNA profiling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
electrophoresis sperates DNA by
size and charge
26
what is a homozygous dominant B
BB
27
what is a heterozygous B
Bb
28
what is a homozygous recessive
bb
29
what is codominance
when 2 genes both present in phenotype flowers 2 colors
30
what is incomplete dominance
when both genes combine to form present a new phenotype red + white = pink
31
what is genotype
Bb - wording for genes
32
what is a phenotype
that actually physical trait that the genes express
33
the p generation is
the parental generation or the original generation
34
what is the f1 generation
the offspring of the p generation
35
what is the f2 generation
the offspring of the f1 generation
36
what is evolution
change in allele frequency in a population over time
37
what is natural selection?
Darwin coined it survival of the fittest
38
what did Darwin discover
theory of evolution
39
are mutations random
yes
40
mutation introduces new
alleles
41
what is an advantageous mutation
a trait that increases an organisms fitness
42
what is a deleterious mutation
a trait that decreases an organisms fitness
43
what is a neutral mutation
a mutation that does not affect an organisms fitness
44
what is a species
a group of organisms that produce fertile offspring
45
what is a vestigial organ
organs that an organisms has but has no function leftover structures from ancestors
46
what does vestigial organs prove
evolution
47
what is comparative anatomy
the comparison of body structure between different species
48
what is comparative embryology
early stages of development in different organisms look similar
49
what is biogeography
pangea the study of the geographic distribution of species
50
what is pangea
when all the continents were stuck together
51
what is transitional fossils
imprints or remains of organisms that show evidence that things descended from other things
52
what is speciation
when 1 species splits into 2 species
53
what is allopatric speciaiton
when an actual physical barrier blocks species from procreating
54
what is an example of allopatric speciaiton
geographical isolation
55
what is sympatric speciation
when no barriers or mutations block species from procreating
56
what are some examples of sympatric speciation
habitat/ ecological isolation temporal isolation gametic isolation mechanical isolation
57
how does evolution occur
gene flow mutations genetic drift natural selection sexual selection
58
what is gene flow
transfer of genes material from one population to another immigration and emigration
59
what is genetic drift
change in the frequency of existing gene due to random chance
60
what is sexual selection
genes to help with mating and procreation
61
what is the bottleneck affect
genetic drift that happens when the size of a population is severely reduced
62
what is the founders affect
reduction in gene variation that occurs when a small group becomes seperated from a larger population
63
what are the 2 types of genetic drift
bottle neck affect founders affect
64
what are traits of r selected organisms
short life span many offspring little parental care small size
65
what are the traits of k selected organisms
long life span few offspring more parental care large size
66
what is carrying capacity
the max population an environment can support
67
what is density dependent regulation
too many individuals = reduced reproduction or increased mortality
68
why is there a decrease increased mortatlity from density dependent regulation
competition for resources
69
what is density independent regulation
abiotic factors that increase mortality
70
what are some examples of density independent regulation
tornados tsunamis flood viruses covid
71
is an autotroph a producer or consumer
producer
72
is a heterotroph a producer or consumer
consumer
73
what are niches
specific habitat and role
74
what is competitive exclusion
when one species uses resources more efficently and drives other species extinct
75
what is resource partioning
when species alter their use of niche and divide resources
76
what is a food chain
displays one path of consumption
77
what is always at the bottom of the food chain
producers (that do photosynthesis)
78
what is a food web
displays multiple food chains
79
what is the water cycles natural reservior
the ocean
80
what is the carbon cycles natural reservior
atmosphere / air
81
what is the phosphate cycles natural reservior
rocks
82
what is the nitrogen cycles natural reservior
atmosphere/ air
83
why is biodiversity important (at least 5)
natural resources ecosystem services human health biomimicry technology recreation entertainment culture art
84
what threatens biodiversity?
Habitat destruction invasive species population pollution climate change over exploitation
85
what is the acronym to use to remember what threatens biodiversity
HIPPCO

Biol B1 Unit 1 (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions